COP3 
C.3 


ILLINOIS 
COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 

COOPERATIVE  AGREEMENT 


State  Geological  Survey 

Engineering  Experiment  Station  University  of  Illinois 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines 


BULLETIN   3 

Chemical  Study 

OF 

Illinois   Coals 


BY 
S.  W.  PARR 


Printed  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Illinois 


STATE    GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

URBAN  A 

1916 


The  Forty-seventh  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
with  a  view  of  conserving  the  lives  of  the  mine  workers  and  the 
mineral  resources  of  the  State,  authorized  an  investigation  of  the  coal 
resources  and  mining  practices  of  Illinois  by  the  Department  of  Min- 
ing Engineering  of  the  University  of  Illinois  and  the  State  Geological 
Survey  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines.  A 
cooperative  agreement  was  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
and  by  representatives  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

The  direction  of  this  investigation  is  now  vested  in  the  Director 
of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines,  the  Director  of  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  Director  of  the  Engineering  Experiment 
Station,  University  of  Illinois,  who  jointly  determine  the  methods  to 
be  employed  in  the  conduct  of  the  work  and  exercise  general  editorial 
supervision  over  the  publication  of  the  results,  but  each  party  to  the 
agreement  directs  the  work  of  its  agents  in  carrying  on  the  investiga- 
tion thus  mutually  ag^reed  on. 

The  reports  of  the  investigation  are  issued  in  the  form  of  bulle- 
tins, either  by  the  State  Geological  Survey,  the  Engineering  Experi- 
ment Station,  University  of  Illinois,  or  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Mines.  For  copies  of  the  bulletins  issued  by  the  State  and  for  infor- 
mation about  the  work,  address  Coal  Mining  Investigations,  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  Urbana,  111.  For  bulletins  issued  by  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Mines,  address  Director,  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

( 


ILLINOIS  STATE 


3  3051  00006  3770 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign 


http://archive.org/details/chemicalstudyofi03parr 


41     X 


ILLINOIS 
COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 

COOPERATIVE  AGREEMENT 


State  Geological  Survey 
Engineering  Experiment  Station  University  of  Ill.noi 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines 


BULLETIN   3 

Chemical  Study 

OF 

Illinois   Coals 


BY 
S.   W.  PARR 

Printed  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Illinois 


STATE    GEOLOGICAL    SURVEY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILL'NOIS 

UR  B AN  A 

1916 


1916 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Introduction 9 

General  statement 9 

Scope  of  the  report 9 

Acknowledgments 10 

Study  of  the  methods  of  field  sampling 11 

General  purpose    11 

Bureau  of  Mines '  standard  method 11 

Grinder  and  riffle  method 17 

New  apparatus 17 

Comparison  of  results  from  different  laboratories 19 

Comparison  of  results  from  same  laboratory 20 

EifHe  as  a  source  of  error 24 

Study  of  certain  laboratory  practices  and  correlations 26 

Coal-ash  determinations 26 

Ash  values  as  affected  by  quantity  taken  for  fine  grinding 26 

Ash  values  as  affected  by  calcium-bearing  minerals 27 

Occurrence  of  calcium  carbonate  and  calcium  sul]ihate 27 

Geographic  distribution   of  calcium  carbonate 27 

Amount  of  calcium  carl)onate  in  Illinois  coals 29 

Disturbing  effect  of  calcium  carbonate 29 

Relations  of  calcium  oxide  and  sulphur 30 

Dissociation  of  calcium  carbonate  and  calcium  sul])hate 31 

Method  of  controlling  and  correcting  ash  determinations 34 

General  considerations   34 

Coals  with  low  calcium  carbonate 34 

Coals  with  relatively  high  calcium  carbonate 35 

Ash  values  as  affected  by  sulphates 36 

Occurrence  and  behavior  of  sulphates 36 

Increase  of  sulphates  in  laboratory  samples 36 

Moisture  determinations   42 

Methods  employed   42 

Comparison  of  the  results 42 

Analyses  of  Illinois  coals 48 

General  statement 48 

Free  moisture  in  Illinois  coals 48 

Analyses  of  top  bench  of  coal  No.  6 49 

Calorific  values  for  unit  coal 52 

Analytical  tables 56 

Analyses  of  mine  samples 56 

Average  analyses  by  mines  and  by  counties 72 


(5) 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATE  PAGE 

I.     Map  of  Illinois  showing  distribution  of  calcium  carbonate  in  coal 28 

FIGURE 

1.  Diagram  to  illustrate  method  of  subdividing  gross  sample 13 

2.  Improved   sampling  outfit 18 

3.  Improved  rifiie 19 

4.  Coal  containing  large  characteristic  flakes  of  calcium  sulphate 28 

5.  Coal  containing  number  of  plates  of  calcium  carbonate 28 

6.  Dissociation  curve  for  calcium  carbonate 32 

7.  Dissociation  curve  for  calcium  sulphate 35 

8.  Formation  of  sulphate  on  bottom  of  sample  bottle 40 

9.  Photomicrograph  of  sample  of  coal  enclosed  in  museum  jar  showing  sul- 

phate crystals 40 

10.     Districts  for  classification  of  coal  samj^les 87 


(6) 


TABLES 

PAGE 

1.  Eesiilts  of  tests  to  (leteiniine  aeciiracy  of  miiic-sanii»liiig  methods  by  ref- 

erence to  (try-ash  vahies  in  opj  osite  quarters,  series  of  1908-09  (Bureau 

of  Mines  '  standard  method  of  sampling ) 12 

2.  Eesults    of    tests    in    two    lal)oratories    to    determine    accuracy    of    mine- 

sampling-  methods  by  reference  to  dry-ash  values  in  opposite  quarters, 
series  of  1912  (Bureau  of  Mines'  standard  method  of  sampling) 14 

3.  Eesults   of   tests    in   two   laboratories    to    determine    accuracy   of    mine- 

sampling  methods  by  reference  to  dry-ash  values  in  the  two  final  sub- 
divisions of  the  samples  (grinder  and  riffle  method) 21 

4.  Eesults  of  tests  in  a  single  laboratory   to   determine  accuracy  of  mine- 

sampling  methods  by  reference  to  dry-ash  values  in  final  subdivisions 
lesulting  from  riffling  opposite  halves  of  gioss  samples  (grinder  and 
riffle  method )    23 

5.  Eesults  of  tests  to  determine  lh(>  lehition  of  the  ash  values  in  dry  coal  to 

the  size  of  coal  particles  in  the  samjile 24 

6.  Comparison  of  ash  values  fiom  rai)id  and  slow  feeding  of  the  riffle 25 

7.  Comparison    of   variations    of   ash    vahu>^    in    duplicate   sami)les   resulting 

fi-om  careless  fe(>(!ii«.o  of  iiffl(>  with  tlioSi>  r(>sulting  from  careful  feeding     25 

8.  Co)iij  arison    of   duplicate   \aii:('s   foi-   dry   ash   as  oritained    fiom   the   fine 

giinding  of  CO  <.!aii:s  on  the  huckboai'd  and  of  .")(()  ginnis  in  the  ball 
mill    27 

9.  Eesults  of  analyses  for  calcium  and  iiiagm'siiini  in  \hc  aciil  solution  after 

determination   of  CO, 30 

10.  Analyses  on  diy-coal   basis  showing  amount   of  jiyiilic  sul))hur  absorl)ed 

by   CaO  duiiiig   incineration    31 

11.  Analyses   showing    inci(>ase    in    weight    of   ash   i\uo   to   absor})tion   of   SO;, 

from  gas  llaiue 31 

12.  Eesults  of  controlling  reactions  })v   low-teinpeiatuic^  iiiciiiciation   to   pie- 

vent  an  increase  of  sulphate  in  ash 33 

13.  Amount    of   decomposition   of  CaSO,    in    coal    ash   at    temperatures    fiom 

700°   to   1  ()■)() °   (Vntigrade 34 

14.  Analyses   showing   agreement  of   ash   duplicates    in    high-carbonate   coals 

r(>sulting  from  treatment  of  carl)on-free  ash  with  Ib.SO,  and  reliurning 

at  700°  to  750°  Centigrade 36 

15.  Ash  values  determined  by  usual   method  com]  aie  1  with   conected   values 

taking  into  account  calcium  carbonate 37 

16.  Analyses  showing  amount  of  sulphate  in  fresh  samples  of  Illinois  coals; 

values  in  per  cent  of  diy  coal 38 

17.  Analyses  showing  comparison   of  growth  of  suljihate   in   fine  and   coarse 

stoied  lal)Oiat()ry   samples 38 

(  7) 


18.  Analyses  showing  content  of  sulphate  present  as  SO3  in  sized  portions 

after  eight  months  in  storage 39 

19.  Analyses  showing  effect  of  low  moisture  on  the  development  of  sulphate 

in  stored  laboratory  samples , 39 

20.  Amount  of  sulphate  in  laboratory  samples  stored  from  March,   1912,  to 

June,  1913,  and  attending  conditions  of  moisture  and  sulphur 41 

21.  Comparison    of    total    moisture  values    in    duplicate  sets  of    samples  as 

obtained  by  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey  and  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Mines 44 

22.  Amount   of   moisture   in   drill    cuttings   compared   with   amount   in   face 

samples    49 

23.  Analyses  of  top  bench  of  coal  No.  6  compared  with  those  of  bed  excluding 

the  top  coal 51 

24.  Comparison  of  average  unit-coal  values  in  B.  t.  u.  in  two  series  of  samples     53 

25.  Alphabetical  arrangement  of  samples  by  counties 54 

26.  Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  outj)ut)      57 

27.  Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 

grouped  according  to  districts 72 

28.  Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u.  calculated  to  the 

''as-received"  basis,  having  normal  variations  of  moisture,  ash,  and 
sulphur,  as  indicated    81 


(8  ) 


CHEMICAL  STUDY  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 

By  S.  W.  Parr 


INTRODUCTION 

General  Statement 

This  report  on  Illinois  coals  was  preceded  by  a  study  of  sampling 
and  analytical  methods  conducted  by  the  Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investi- 
gations under  a  cooperative  agreement  between  the  State  Geological 
Survey,  the  Engineering  Experiment  Station  of  the  University  of 
Illinois,  and  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines. 

The  analytical  results  as  presented  in  the  tables  should  prove  ser- 
viceable to  both  consumer  and  producer.  Some  of  the  tables  were  pub- 
lished in  Extract  from  Bulletin  23,  and  with  additions,  again  in  Bul- 
letin 29  which  deals  with  the  purchase  and  sale  of  Illinois  coals  on 
specification.  The  "unit-coal"  factors  especially  have  so  thoroughly 
demonstrated  their  practical  value  that  they  have  been  continued  as 
an  important  feature  of  the  main  table  of  the  present  report.  A  sup- 
plemental table  has  also  been  prepared  illustrating  the  use  which  may 
be  made  of  these  unit  values. 

Scope  of  Report 

In  the  fifteen  years  which  have  intervened  since  the  first  study  was 
made  of  the  chemical  composition  and  properties  of  the  coals  of  the 
State,  notable  advancement  has  been  made  in  methods  of  procedure 
in  connection  with  such  work.  This  result  has  naturally  followed 
our  increased  knowledge  and  better  understanding  of  the  properties 
of  this  complex  substance,  but  especially  has  it  been  caused  by  the 
marked  changes  which  have  occurred  in  the  methods  of  purchasing 
coal,  especially  on  the  part  of  large  consumers,  whose  contracts  are 
based  on  specifications  as  to  quality.  This  method  has  led  to  a  care- 
ful scrutiny  of  all  processes  yielding  factors  which  enter  into  the  final 
settlement.  Small  errors  in  large  consignments  may  result  in  serious 
injustice  to  one  or  the  other  of  the  parties  involved.  These  studies, 
therefore,  have  been  especially  directed  to  sampling,  the  conservation 
of  moisture,  and  the  determination  of  ash  and  of  heat  values. 

The  practical  sampling  and  analysis  of  coal  involves  a  number  of 
complex  problems  and  is  beset  with  many  difficulties.    To  this  all  will 

(9) 


10  COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

agree  who  have  come  in  actual  contact  with  such  work.  That  positive 
improvements  in  methods  and  greater  accuracy  have  resulted  is  evi- 
dent, but  much  remains  to  be  done.  Some  of  these  difficulties  are  es- 
pecially pronounced  in  coals  of  the  Illinois  type  with  a  high  content 
of  moisture  and  sulphur,  and  an  irregular  but  very  positive  contami- 
nation by  calcium  carbonate.  Doubtless  the  procuring  of  a  represen- 
tative sample  is  the  most  fundamental  and  important  of  all  the  pro- 
cesses employed,  as  it  is  also  the  most  difficult  to  accomplish  in  a  thor- 
oughly satisfactory  manner.  The  present  studies  have  furnished  an 
unusual  opportunity  for  studying  sampling  methods,  and  it  is  believed 
that  all  the  attending  data  have  an  enhanced  value  by  reason  of  the 
accuracy  and  representative  character  of  the  samples  obtained. 

While  in  this  work,  therefore,  advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  op- 
portunity for  studying  sampling  methods,  there  has  been  much  atten- 
tion given  also  to  ash  determinations  and  the  effect  of  certain  abnormal 
and  irregular  constituents  which  affect  especially  the  accuracy  of  ash 
values.  The  ashing  of  coals  having  a  high  percentage  both  of  sulphur 
and  of  calcium  carbonate  may  yield  results  which  A^ary  widely,  depend- 
ing upon  the  amount  of  calcium  sulphate  formed  in  the  process.  The 
distribution  and  amount,  therefore,  of  calcium  carbonate  are  matters 
of  no  little  importance.  This  topic  has  led  directly  also  to  a  study  of 
the  amount  of  sulphate  normally  present  in  Illinois  coal,  and  the  in- 
teresting fact  has  been  developed  in  this  connection  that  in  the  finely 
ground  laboratory  sample,  especially  one  having  a  relatively  high  per- 
centage of  moisture,  there  occurs  a  rather  active  generation  of  sulphate 
which  has  a  bearing  both  upon  the  ash  values  and  also  upon  the  ac- 
companying heat  factors.  Correction  methods  to  meet  these  condi- 
tions have  been  worked  out  very  carefully. 

Acknowledgments 

For  the  chemical  analysis,  credit  is  due  especially  to  J.  M.  Lindgreii 
for  his  work  and  supervision,  the  results  of  which  are  embodied  in 
the  analytical  data.  He  has  been  ably  assisted  by  F.  H.  Whittum, 
S.  C.  Taylor,  J.  F.  Kohout,  L.  T.  Fairhall,  and  Carl  W.  J.  Sievert. 
A.  C.  Fieldner  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  kindly  analyzed  sets  of 
duplicate  samples  used  as  checks  on  sampling  and  analytical  methods. 

Direct  supervision  of  the  mine  sampling  was  vested  in  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  F.  W.  DeWolf,  Director,  and  F.  H.  Kay,  Assistant 
State  Geologist.  The  sampling  was  done  by  three  field  parties,  includ- 
ing the  men  whose  names  follow :  J.  M.  Webb  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Mines,  and  M.  L.  Nebel,  C.  W.  Smith,  H.  L.  Stafford,  J.  E.  McDonald, 
and  S.  T.  Wallage,  all  of  the  Department  of  Mining  Engineering. 
University  of  Illinois. 


METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING  H 

STUDY  OF  METHODS  OF  FIELD  SAMPLING 

General  Purpose 

Preliminary  to  an  extended  study  of  the  coals  of  the  State,  carried 
on  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines  and  involv- 
ing the  taking  of  many  samples  at  the  working  faces  of  the  seams,  it 
was  deemed  advisable  to  examine  with  some  care  the  reliability  of 
the  sampling  methods  employed  and  to  determine,  if  possible,  the  de- 
gree of  accuracy  of  the  final  laboratory  portion  as  representing  the 
gross  sample  from  which  it  was  taken.  The  discussion  is  not  concerned 
with  the  relation  cf  dift'erent  samples  to  each  other  or  to  a  coal  bed 
as  a  whole. 

Bureau  of  Mines'  Standard  Method 

The  first  method  considered  Avas  su])stantially  1  hat  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Mines  as  given  in  Technical  Papei'  No.  1.  The  sub- 
stance of  the  directions  as  there  outlined  is  given  as  follows : 

The  collector  should  smooth  and  clean  t'le  floor  and  (  pread  the  sampling 
cloth  on  it  close  to  the  face  of  the  coal.  Then  he  should  make  a  perpendicular 
cut  2  inches  deep  and  6  inches  wide  (or  3  inches  deep  and  4  inches  wide  in  the 
Fofter  coals)  from  the  roof  to  the  floor  down  the  middle  of  the  foot-wide  cut 
previously  made  in  the  coal  face.  He  should  be  careful  to  make  this  cut  uni- 
form in  width  and  depth  and  should  chip  off  enough  coal  to  make  a  sample 
weighing  at  least  6  pounds  for  each  foot  of  the  thickness  of  the  bed;  ?o  that 
the  sample  collected  on  the  blanket  from  a  <5-foot  bed  will  weigh  not  less  than 
36  pounds.  Inexperienced  collectors  should  weigh  their  samples  (by  spring 
balance  or  otherwise)  as  a  clieck  on  the  accuracy  of  their  work. 

As  soon  as  the  cutting  of  the  sample  has  been  completed,  if  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  outfit  is  available,  the  finer  portions  of  the  sam[)le  sliould  be  put  through 
the  1/4-inch  or  %-inch  screen  and  the  lumps  should  be  broken  in  the  mortar 
until  all  the  sample  passes  through  the  screen.  The  sam])le  should  then  be 
thoroughly  mixed  by  two  men  grasping  the  ()pi)osite  cornei's  of  the  blanket  and 
rolling  it  diagonally  by  raising  one  corner  :\t  a  time.  When  the  larger  pieces 
of  coal  are  evenly  distributed  throughout  the  mass,  the  sheet  should  be  laid 
on  the  floor  and  the  toj)  of  the  pile  flattened  with  a  clean  dry  shovel,  trowel,  or 
board.  The  sample  is  then  quartered  and  two  opposite  quarters  are  discarded 
and  brushed  off.  The  remainder  is  mixed  as  before,  and  if  the  sample  is  still 
too  bulky  for  convenient  handling  it  is  again  quartered  down.  The  material 
finally  remaining  is  spread  into  a  circular  mass  about  2  inches  deep  on  the 
sheet,  and  the  sampling  scoop  is  used  to  fill  the  sample  can  compactly  with 
portions  from  opposite  quarters.  Tlic  entire  operation  described  above  from 
the  cutting  of  the  sample  to  the  sealing  of  tlie  can  sliould  be  done  in  the  mine, 
so  as  not  to  expose  the  coal  to  the  outside  atmos[)liere. 

A  scries  of  tests  cari'ied  out  in  1908-9,  especially  for  the  purpose  of 
determining  the  representative  character  of  the  sample  thus  produced^ 
is  given  in  outline  as  follows:  two  sam})les  were  taken  by  (juartering 
sei)a]'ately  the  first  divisions  of  the  gi'oss  sample,  and  comparison  was 


12 


COAL    MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


made  by  reference  to  the  ash  content  of  each  based  on  the  dry  coal. 
It  should  be  said  further  that  the  conditions  under  which  these  sam- 
ples were  studied  were  the  most  favorable  possible.  The  samples  were 
taken  at  the  mines  and  were  afterwards  analyzed  in  the  laboratory  by 
the  same  persons,  thus  eliminating  those  variables  which  are  incident 
to  different  samplers  and  different  laboratories.  The  ash  values  as 
obtained  from  opposite  quarters  furnish  the  best  index  as  to  the  accur- 
acy of  the  method  employed;  hence,  these  values  are  assembled  in 
Table  1. 


Table  1. — Results  of  tests  to  determine  accuracy  of  mine-sampling  methods  hy 

reference  to  dry-ash  values  in  opposite  quarters;    series  1908-09 

(Bureau  of  Mines'  standard  method  of  sampling) 


Table 
No. 

Lab. 

No. 

County 

Duplicate  ash 
(dry-coal  basis) 

Difference 

Quarter  ' '  A  "  Quarter  ' '  B  " 

1 

1567 

Williamson 

11.84 

12.17 

.33 

2 

1761 

Sangamon 

12.48 

12.85 

.37 

3 

1773 

do 

11.71 

11.80 

.09 

4 

1796 

Knox 

7.99 

8.39 

.40 

5 

1839 

Green 

12.43 

12.38 

.05 

6 

1846 

Edgar 

11.42 

11.00 

.42 

7 

1870 

Christian 

9.97 

10.67 

.70 

8 

2776 

Henry 

12..53 

12.13 

.40 

9 

2786 

Macoupin 

10.21 

10.10 

.11 

Average  variation 


.32 


The  results  in  Table  No.  1  are  on  the  whole  fairly  satisfactory ;  how- 
ever, occasional  discrepancies  are  shown,  which,  if  due  to  the  method 
of  sampling,  should  be  eliminated.  Especially  was  it  desirable  to  de- 
termine whether  these  variations  would  be  better  or  worse  in  the  hands 
of  a  number  of  collecting  crews  such  as  would  be  involved  in  the  new 
work.  In  order  to  test  this  point,  the  three  crews  of  two  men  each 
when  first  sent  into  the  field  were  given  the  instructions  as  above  indi- 
cated for  sampling,  and  were  required  to  forward  two  samples  from 
each  lot  of  coal  cut  down  from  the  face.  These  were  taken  by  follow- 
ing separately  the  opposite  pairs  of  quarters  of  the  first  division,  and 
taking  duplicate  samples  in  each  case  of  the  last  division  as  shown  in 
figure  1.  Two  pairs  of  samples  of  approximately  3  pounds  each  re- 
sulted and  were  sealed  in  the  regular  cans  in  the  usual  manner.  One 
pair  was  forwarded  to  the  University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana,  and  one 
to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  at  Pittsburgh.  As  a  means  of  comparison,  the 
results  for  ash  only  are  given  and  referred  to  the  dry  coal,  as  shown  in 
Table  2. 


METHODS   OF    FIELD    SAMPLING 


13 


Pittsburg 


'i(^.  1. — Dinoiiim  to  illustrate  the  inethoc-l  of  subdividing  gioss  sample. 


14 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


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METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING 


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METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING  17 

These  i-esults  were  for  the  most  part  satisfactory,  but  occasional 
differences  occurred  which  called  for  elimination  if  possible,.  In  the 
attempt  to  account  for  these  variations,  the  first  factor  considered 
was  the  amount  of  calcium  carbonate  present.  It  is  well  known  that 
the  presence  of  this  constituent  may  be  a  seriously  disturbing  factor. 
For  this  reason  the  amount  of  carbon  dioxide  for  each  sample  is  in- 
cluded in  the  table.  Ordinarily  the  presence  of  calcite  does  not  intro- 
duce serious  variations  when  the  amount  present  as  CaCOg  is  less  than 
about  2  per  cent  or  approximately  1  per  cent  of  COo.  A  few  of  the 
results  exceed  this  amount,  as,  for  example,  in  some  of  the  duplicates 
under  cooperative  numbers  92  and  93.  It  will  be  noted  that  some  of 
the  more  pronounced  variations  are  found  here,  though  the  greatest 
discrepancies,  as  in  table  numbers  13  to  18  inclusive,  occur  in  samples 
with  relatively  low  CO2.  However,  studies  for  controlling  variations 
in  ash  determinations  due  to  the  presence  of  calcium  carbonate  are 
taken  up  later  as  a  special  topic  for  investigation.  The  results  are 
given  in  full  elsewhere  in  this  bulletin  and  need  not  ])e  considered  at 
this  point. 

The  variations  in  duplicate  values  from  a  single  laboratory  may 
involve,  of  course,  any  differences  which  may  arise  from  the  specific 
methods  employed  in  handling  the  sami)les.  As  between  the  values  of 
two  laboratories  comparison  should  be  made  between  the  averages  of 
the  duplicate  values  obtained  by  each  set  of  workers  (Table  2).  In 
such  a  comparison  we  might  expect  some  of  the  variations  to  ])e  neu- 
tralized or  modified. 

Whereas  the  results  of  each  la])oi'atory  ai-e  faii'ly  consistent,  it  is 
difficult  to  account  for  occasional  ii'reguhu'ities.  The  same  genei'al 
statement  is  true  when  the  results  fi'om  the  two  laboi-atoi-ies  are  com- 
pared. Since  one  of  the  most  likely  soui'ces  of  vai'iation  is  to  be  found 
in  the  sami)ling,  the  methods  employed  for  that  part  of  the  Avoi'k  have 
received  extended  study  both  in  connection  with  the  field  colU'ctions 
and  especially  also  with  reference  to  the  maiii})ulMti()n  of  Ihe  ship})ed 
sample  after  its  ai'i'ival  at  the  laboi'atory. 

Grinder  and  Rifflp:  Method 
new  apparatus 

The  two  features  in  the  process  of  pi'ocuring  the  mine  sample 
which  were  deemed  most  likely  to  introduce  variations  wei'C  the  method 
of  reducing  the  gross  sami)le  as  to  size  of  particles  and  the  method  of 
reducing  the  mass  to  a  working  sample  or  aliquot  of  the  whole.  It  is 
of  prime  importance  that  any  procedui'e  to  be  cai-ried  on  in  the  mine 
under  the  ordinary  working  conditions  must  be  rapid  and  not  ex- 
cessively tedious;  otherwise  the  personal  equation  will  become  accen- 


18 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


tuated  and  this  part  of  the  work,  which  in  many  respects  is  the  most 
vital  of  the  entire  routine,  is  likely  to  be  slighted.  An  attempt  was 
made,  therefore,  to  improve  on  the  Bureau  of  Mines'  method  of  quar- 
tering and  crushing  the  gross  sample  to  finer  sizes,  and  at  the  same  time 
to  remove  so  far  as  possible  the  personal  element  in  carrying  out  the 
process. 

Two  pieces  of  apparatus  were  devised  to  meet  the  conditions  indi- 
cated. As  a  substitute  for  the  tamper  for  crushing  the  coal,  a  portable 
mill  was  constructed  (fig.  2)  having  a  weight  well  within  the  limits 
of  the  old  tamping  kit  and  having  a  grinding  capacity  which  would  cut 
down  the  time  usually  required  for  this  part  of  the  work.  The  body 
of  the  grinder  is  cast  aluminum  and  the  weight  of  the  grinder  complete 


Fig. 


-Improved  sampling  outfit. 


is  not  over  18  pounds.    It  reduces  the  coal  to  about  8  mesh,  or  one- 
fourth  inch  at  a  rate  of  40  or  50  pounds  in  half  an  hour. 

The  other  feature  of  the  outfit  was  the  riffle.  This  is  shown  in  the 
right-hand  part  of  figure  2,  and  further  details  are  shown  in  figure  3. 
This  is  substantially  the  riffle  described  in  Bulletin  9  of  the  Ohio  State 
Geological  Survey,  the  chief  difference  being  that  the  riffle  openings 
are  one-half  inch  wide  instead  of  five-eighths  inch.  The  entire  mass 
passing  the  grinder  is  thoroughly  mixed  by  rolling  in  the  canvas  and 
is  put  through  the  riffle  and  thus  reduced  to  halves.  One-half  is  again 
riffled  and  reduced  till  a  portion  is  obtained  which  will  fill  the  shipping 
can.  This  is  then  sealed  in  the  usual  manner  ^nd  forwarded  at  once 
to  the  laboratorv. 


METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING 


19 


The  time  consumed  in  securing  a  sample  depends  on  many  fac- 
tors besides  the  time  used  in  reducing  the  coal  to  fine  size.  The  samp- 
ler is  often  delayed  in  entering  the  mine,  and  once  underground,  if 
the  mine  is  large,  as  much  time  is  required  in  moving  from  one  loca- 
tion to  another  as  in  securing  the  samples. 

An  ordinary  gross  sample  of  40  pounds  representing  a  6-foot  coal 
can  be  put  through  the  grinder  in  25  to  30  minutes,  and  the  riffling 
can  easily  be  accomplished  in  10  minutes.  Besides  the  saving  in  labor 
the  coal  particles  are  uniformly  reduced  to  buckwheat  size,  and  the 


~^Sy-*-^^^Flll*««-— ^ 

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Fig.    ;5. —  Inipiove<l    lilHe. 

results  would  seem  to  favoi-  the  giinder  rathci-  than  the  tamper  for 
this  purpose.  The  actual  time  consumed  is  about  the  same  in  both 
methods. 


COMPARISON   OF   KF.SULTS   FROM   DIFFFRFNT   LABORATORIES 

In  testing  out  the  degree  of  uniformity  which  might  be  ()])taincd 
by  use  of  these  devices,  the  final  sample  was  taken  in  duplicate,  one- 
half  being  forwarded  to  Urbana,  and  the  other  to  Pittsburgh. 

A  comparison  of  ash  values  is  given  in  Table  3.  Here  again  the 
values  for  the  calcium  carbonate  are  included  as  affording  a  possible 
explanation,  in  extreme  variations,  for  differences  due  to  laboratory 


20  COAL    MINIXG    INVESTIGATIONS 

methods  employed  rather  than  to  an  unevenness  in  the  parts  of  the 
sample.  Without  exception  the  high  variations  are  accompanied  by 
CO2  values  of  .47  per  cent  or  higher,  though  not  all  high-calcite  values 
are  accompanied  by  a  wide  ash  variation.  As  will  be  seen  later  the 
presence  of  CaCO...  accompanied  by  FeSo  is  conducive  to  variable  re- 
sults even  in  the  hands  of  the  same  operator.  Occasionally  also  the 
plus  and  minus  errors  will  neutralize  each  other  and  it  may  happen 
that  two  laboratories  may  agree  on  a  high-calcite  coal  and  again  the 
same  coal  even  in  duplicate  determinations  by  the  same  analyst  will 
give  widely  varying  results,  unless  special  methods  are  adopted. 

COMPARISON   OF   RESULTS   FROM   THE    SAME   LABORATORY 

One  further  method  of  testing  the  procedure  was  tried  which 
brought  the  ash  determinations  of  the  two  duplicate  samples  under  the 
same  analytical  conditions,  thus  eliminating  such  variables  as  would 
naturally  result  from  determinations  made  in  separate  laboratories. 
As  a  check  upon  the  method  and  also  upon  the  men  who  were  taking 
the  samples,  directions  were  given  whereby  each  crew  occasionally 
forwarded  to  the  laboratory  at  Urbana  samples  in  duplicate  resulting 
from  riffling  separately  the  halves  of  the  gross  sample. 

All  these  special  duplicate  samples  are  assembled  in  Table  4. 


METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING 


21 


Table  3, — Besidt.s  of  tesis   in  two  laboratories  to  determine  accuracy  of 

^nine-sampling   methods  by  reference  to  dry -ash  vahies  in  the 

two   -final  subdivisions  of  the  sample 

(Grinder  and  riffle  method) 


22 


COAL    MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  4. — Eesults  of  tests  vn  a  single  laboratory  to  determine  accuracy  of 
mine-sampling  methods  'by  reference  to  dry-ash  values  in  final  sub- 
divisions resulting  from  riffling  opposite  halves  of  gross  sample 
(Grinder  and  riffle  method) 


Table 
No. 


Lab. 
No. 


Co-op. 
No. 


Duplicate 
halves 


CO, 


Ash 


Percentage      Difference 


1 

4933 

(a) 

a 

8.27 

2 

4933 

b 

... 

8.23 

0.04 

3 

4934 

(a) 

a 

10.58 

4 

4934 

b 

10.62 

0.04 

5 

4945 

(a) 

a 

^^ 

15.01 

6 

4945 

b 

... 

15.41 

0.40 

7 

4947 

(a) 

a 

... 

16.07 

8 

4947 

1j 

... 

16.03 

0.04 

9 

5012 

49 

ii 

0.49 

11.10 

10 

5018 

49 

b 

... 

10.69 

0.41 

11 

5013 

49 

a 

.  .  . 

12.58 

12 

5015 

49 

b 

0.76 

12.38 

0.20 

13 

5016 

49 

a 

0.49 

10.80 

14 

5017 

49 

b 

... 

11.02 

0.22 

15 

5019 

46 

a 

0.41 

9.15 

16 

5020 

46 

b 

0.36 

8.84 

0.31 

17 

5021 

46 

a 

0.92 

9.85 

18 

5023 

46 

b 

0.80 

9.98 

0.13 

19 

5022 

46 

a 

0.25 

9.72 

20 

5024 

46 

b 

0.26 

9.91 

0.19 

21 

5025 

47 

a 

1.45 

13.73 

22 

5028 

47 

h 

... 

13.61 

0.12 

23 

5027 

90 

a 

11.09 

24 

5034 

90 

b 

0.70 

11.23 

0.14 

25 

5029 

47 

a 

0.83 

11.02 

26 

5031 

47 

h 

11.14 

0.12 

27 

5032 

47 

a 

0.93 

12.82 

28 

5036 

47 

b 

... 

12.61 

0.21 

29 

5277 

27 

a 

1..33 

11.91 

30 

5280 

27 

b 

11.98 

0.07 

31 

5278 

27 

a 

1.10 

9.91 

32 

5279 

27 

b 

... 

9.74 

0.17 

33 

5281 

27 

a 

1.78 

12.01 

34 

5282 

27 

b 

... 

11.80 

0.21 

METHODS    OF    FIELD    SAMPLING 


23 


Table  4 — Concluded 


Table 

Lab. 
No. 

Co-op. 
No. 

Duplicate 
halves 

CO2 

Ash 

No. 

Percentage       Difference 

35 

5292 

28 

a 

1.36 

12.01 

36 

530 1 

28 

1) 

... 

11.83 

0.18 

37 

5294 

28 

a 

... 

12.78 

38 

5295 

28 

I' 

2.32 

12.94 

0.16 

39 

5299 

28 

a 

L22 

10.64 

40 

5302 

28 

b 

... 

10.66 

0.02 

41 

5306 

3 

a 

0.22 

6.58 

42 

53C8 

3 

b 

... 

6.35 

0.23 

43 

5307 

3 

a 

0.70 

11.73 

44 

5309 

3 

b 

... 

11.50 

0.23 

45 

5310 

3 

a 

. .  . 

11.22 

46 

5311 

3 

h 

1.17 

10.62 

0.60 

Average   difference    0.19 

Maximum    difference    0.60 

Second   greatest   difference.  .0.41 


^Preliminary  tests  preceding  the  cooperative  work. 

The  agreement  of  these  values  is  exceedingly  concordant  and  indi- 
cates beyond  question  a  satisfactory  uniformity  in  the  samples  thus 
obtained.  Especially  should  this  feature  be  compared  with  the  varia- 
tions showji  in  Table  No.  1,  where  the  same  conditions  existed  in  that 
a  single  laboiatory  was  involved  in  obtaining  results.  On  the  other 
hand,  there  ai'e  shown,  l)y  inspection  of  the  results  in  Tables  2  and  3, 
some  of  the  difficulties  involved  in  securing  uniformity  in  ash  detei'- 
minations  in  different  lal)()i'atoiMos.  especially  in  the  pi'esiMice  of  con- 
siderable calcite. 


Siimmari/  of   work  of  a  single  lahoratorn  on  dnpHcatc  sdniple.'i 
Bureau  of  Mines  standard  method   of  sami)liiig 

D  iff' r  re  nee   in   pereeniage 
-.50  .,50-1.00  1.00-2.00  2.OO4. 


I.  S.  G.  8.  laboratory   (29  pairs)    15  10  3  1 

U.  8.  B.  M.  laboratory  (29  i)airs) 22  (5  1 

Grinder  and   riflle  method 

I.  8.  G.  8.  laboratory  (23  pairs) 22  1 

Average  difference,  0.19 

Maximum  difference,  0.60  (002=1.17  ])er  cent) 

Maximum  difference,  unaccounted  for,  0.41 

In  the  summary  above,  only  the  unaccountal)l('  difl'erences  ai'e 
listed.  Those  accompanied  by  a  higli-('0^,  content  are  due  pi'esum- 
ablv  to  the  effect  of  this  constituent. 


24 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


RIFFLE  AS  A  SOURCE  OF  ERROR  IN  SAMPLING 

Instead  of  being  a  safety  appliance  for  guaranteeing  a  correct  sam- 
ple, the  riffle  may  be  the  cause  of  serious  discrepancies  if  used  improp- 
erly. This  is  due  to  a  higher  ash  and  a  higher  specific  gravity  of  the 
finer  material  in  a  coal  sample  than  of  the  coarser  particles.  Unless 
guarded  against,  therefore,  segregation  is  likely  to  occur,  and  some- 
times under  conditions  where  such  a  result  would  perhaps  be  least  ex- 
pected. To  illustrate  a  variable  ash  content  for  the  fine  and  coarse 
coal  two  sample,  Nos.  1  and  2,  were  divided  according  to  size  into  1^, 
I2,  I3,  and  2i,  2^,  and  2^,  being  respectively  in  size,  8  to  20,  20  to  60, 
and  finer  than  60  mesh.  An  analysis  for  ash  was  made  on  each  size, 
with  results  as  tabulated  in  Table  5. 


Table  5, — Results  of  tests  to  determine  the  relation  of  the  ash  values  in  dry  coal 
to  the  size  of  coal  particles  in  the  sample 


Series 

Mesh 

Duplicate 
halves 

Amount 

of  each 

size 

CO2  in 
''dry 
coal" 

Ash  cor- 
rected for 
CO2 

a  and  b  for 

each  series 

composited  by 

calculation 

Per  rent 

Fer  cent 

Per  cent 

h 

On  20 

a 

4L7 

.40 

14.11 

b 

48.4 

.37 

14.00 

h 

Through  20 

a 

41.7 

.85 

15.55 

on  60 

b 

37.9 

1.00 

15.42 

a   16.33 

I3 

Through  60 

a 

b 

16.6 
13.7 

1.31 
1.38 

23.89 
23.65 

b   15.86 

Aver.  .  .  .  16.09 

2x 

On  20 

a 

29.1 

.53 

15.91 

b 

25.0 

.46 

15.68 

2. 

Through  20 

a 

48.4 

.94 

10.23 

on  60 

b 

51.9 

.98 

16.06 

a 17.90 

23 

Through  60 

a 

22.5 

1.32 

24.09 

b 17.80 

b 

23.1 

1.28 

23.98 

Aver.  . .  .  17.85 

Note  that  there  is  approximately  a  50  per  cent  increase  in  ash  for 
the  finest  size  over  that  for  the  coarsest  division,  and  that  the  amount 
of  fine  material  thus  affected  is  from  14  to  23  per  cent  of  the  whole. 
This  feature  of  varying  ash  content  is  thus  well  illustrated,  and  its 
effect  upon  segregation  and  subsequent  irregularities  in  the  sample  is 
likely  to  be  underestimated. 

In  the  use  of  a  riffle,  if  the  material  is  added  from  the  scoop  more 
rapidly  than  it  can  pass  through  the  openings,  thereby  piling  up  in  the 


METHODS    OP    FIELD    SAMPLING 


25 


riffle  hopper,  the  material  tends  to  form  itself  into  cone-shaped  masses, 
down  the  sides  of  which  the  particles  may  flow  more  readily  in  one  di- 
rection than  in  another,  depending  on  the  freedom  of  the  opening. 
Such  conditions  promote  marked  segregation.  In  order  to  test  this 
process  experimentally  four  portions  of  the  same  sample  were  rif- 
fled rapidly  as  described  above.  The  results  from  the  duplicate  sub- 
divisions la  and  lb  are  as  shown  in  Table  6  in  comparison  with  a 
slower  feeding  of  the  riffle  in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  cause  any  piling 
up  of  the  material  above  the  slots. 


Table  6. — Comparison  of  ash  values  from  rapid  and  slow  feeding  of  riffle 


Sample 

Asb  values  from 
rapid  feeding  of  riffle 

Ash  values  from 
slow  feeding  of  riffle 

la 
lb 
Difference 

14.35 

17.87 

3.52 

16.07 

16.26 

0.19 

Table  7. — Comparison  of  variatioms  of  ash  values  in  duplicate  samples  resulting 
from  eareless  feeding  of  riffle  with  those  resulting  from  careful  feeding'' 


Duplicate 

Careless  feeding 

Careful  feeding 

portions 

Lab.  No. 

Percentage 

Difference 

Lab.  No.    [Percentage 

Difference 

a 

8570 

13.41 

8606 

15.09 

b 

8571 

14.21 

0.80 

8607 

15.36 

0.27 

a 

8583 

15.21 

8614 

21.71 

b 

8584 

16.59 

1.38 

8615 

2(1. S(5 

0.25 

a 

858(5 

14.82 

8617 

2 1 .3 1 

b 

8587 

13.99 

0.83 

8618 

21.12 

0.19 

a 

8593 

14.83 

8623. 

18.08 

b 

8594 

1(5.22 

1.39 

8624 

17.84 

0.24 

a 

859(i 

U.74 

8626 

17.00 

b 

8597 

1-1.24 

0.50 

8627 

16.75 

0.25 

a 

.... 

.... 

.... 

8635 

1(5.2(5 

b 

.... 

8636 

16.26 

0.00 

a 

.... 

.... 

.... 

8638 

15.41 

b 



8639 

15.54 

0.13 

Avei  a'jjc 

variation. . 

..    0.98 

Average  variation .  . 

.  ..    0.19 

'Duplicate    samples    wcr-'    tnkoii    frnm    o])posito    lialvos    of    Ihe    samo    sro^s    sain])l( 


As  further  evidence,  and  to  avoid  ])asing  a  conclusion  upon  in- 
sufficient data,  a  series  of  experiments  was  conducted  in  which  two  dif- 
ferent methods  of  riffle  feeding  wei'e  used.     The  results  are  shown  in 


26  COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

Table  7.  It  should  be  stated  that  the  duplicate  samples  employed  were 
reduced  from  opposite  halves  of  the  same  gross  sample  instead  of 
being  merely  opposite  halves  of  the  last  subdivision.  The  results, 
therefore,  serve  also  to  indicate  that  discrepancies  Avhich  are  some- 
times attributed  to  faulty  handling  of  the  gross  sample  may  be  in 
reality  due  to  an  error  in  the  method  of  reducing  the  sample  in  the 
laboi'atory — for  example,  a  faulty  manipulation  of  the  riffle. 


STUDY  OF  CERTAIN  LABORATORY  PRACTICES  AND 
CORRECTIONS 

Coal-ash  Determinations 
ash  values  as  affected  by  the  quantity  taken  for  fine  grinding 

The  previous  discussion  of  the  variables  that  may  be  introduced 
through  a  faulty  procedure  in  the  matter  of  obtaining  the  various  sub- 
divisions in  the  mine  suggests  the  advisability  of  making  reference  to 
a  closely  related  item,  that  of  the  quantity  taken  for  the  final  grind- 
ing to  80-mesh  size  in  the  laboratory. 

Two  general  methods  are  recognized :  one,  in  which  the  fine  grind- 
ing of  2  ounces  or  60  grams  is  accomplished  by  means  of  the  bucking- 
board  ;  the  other,  in  which  about  500  grams  is  ground  in  a  ball  mill. 
A  comparison  of  the  two  methods  has  been  afforded  by  the  studies  on 
the  variables  connected  with  riffling.  These  are  presented  as  furnish- 
ing an  argument  in  favor  of  the  larger  sample,  though  it  affords  at 
the  same  time  good  evidence  of  the  reliabilit^y  of  the  method  using  the 
smaller  sample,  provided  proper  care  is  taken  in  the  riffling  processes. 
Neither  method  can  be  expected  to  overcome  the  errors  which  may  be 
introduced  by  faulty  riffling.  It  is  true  the  difference  in  the  two  pro- 
cedures, as  shown  in  the  table,  is  not  great,  but  the  evidence,  so  far  as 
it  goes,  is  in  favor  of  the  use  of  the  ball  mill,  doubtless  because  of  the 
greater  quantity  employed.  The  comparative  results  are  shown  in 
Table  8. 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AND    CORRECTIONS 


27 


Table  8. — Comparison  of  duplicate  values  for  dry  ash  as  obtained  from  the  fine 
grinding  of  60  grams  on  the  huckhoard  and  of  500  grams  on  the  hall  mill 


Lab  No. 

Duplicate 
halves 

Percentage  of  ash 

Buckboard  used     Difference   1    Ball  mill  used   1  Difference 

86C6 
8607 

a                      15.U9 
b                      15.36 

0.27 

15.37 
15.10 

0.27 

8614 
8615 

a 
b 

21.11 

20.86 

0.25 

21.10 
21.07 

0.03 

8617 
8618 

a 
b 

21.31 
21.12 

0.19 

21.23 
21.21 

0.02 

8623 
8624 

a 
b 

18.08 
17.84 

0.24 

17.69 
17.73 

0.04 

8626 
8627 

a 

b 

17.00 
16.75 

0.25 

16.76 
16.66 

0.18 

8635 
8636 

a 
b 

.16.26 
16.26 

0.00 

16.53 
16.66 

0.16 

8638 
8639 

a 
b 

15.41 
15..54 

0.13 

15.76 
15.56 

0.20 

8668 
8669 

a 
b 

20.04 
19.80 

0.24 

19.88 
19.72 

0.16 

8671 
8672 

a 

b 

18.13 
17.84 

0.29 

17.78 
17.58 

0.20 

Average  differences 

0.21 

0.14 

ASH  VALUES   AS  AFFECTED   BY   CALCIUM-BEARING    MINERALS 
OCCURRENCE    OF    CALCIUM    SULPHATE    AND    CALCIUM    CARBONATE 

Upon  examination,  the  white  flakes  which  so  fi'eciuently  api)ear  in 
the  cleavajye  planes  of  Illinois  coal,  are  found  to  be  either  calcium  car- 
bonate or  calcium  sulphate.  They  may  be  distinp:uished  by  the  differ- 
ences in  appearance  of  these  compounds,  the  sulphate  1)eint?  of  a  dead 
or  ''flat"  white  without  lusti'e  oi*  suj^^c^stion  of  translucence,  whereas 
the  calcite  is  much  more  vitreous  and  is  semi-ti'ans])arent  if  held  up  to 
the  light.  Figui'e  4  shows  two  large  chainctei'istic  flakes  of  cnlcium 
sulphate.    Figure  5  shows  a  numl)ei'  of  ])hites  of  cnlciuni  (•;irl)()nate. 


GEOGRArniC    DISTRIBUTION    OF    CALCIUM    CARBONATE 

In  previous  pul)lications'  the  analytical  i-esults  for  carbon  dioxide 
and  calcium  carbonate  ai'c  given  foi-  fifty  Illinois  coals.  These  I'csults, 
together  with  carbon-dioxide  values  ])i'esented  in  the  analytical  table, 
No.  25  of  this  bulletin,  furnish  data  on  this  item  for  approximately 
400  samples,  a  iuiml)er  sufficient  foi"  a  study  to  dc^tei'miiie  whether  cal- 


iParr,  S.  W.,  Composition  of  Illinois  coal:  111.   State  Geol.  Survey  Bull.   16,  p.  232,   1910: 
also,  Proceedings  Eighth  International   Cong.  Applied  Chem.,  vol.   X,'  p.   215. 


28 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


cite  deposition  is  a  characteristic  of  certain  areas  or  whether  it  is  irreg- 
ular and  more  or  less  accidental  in  its  occurrence. 

As  the  readiest  method  for  arriving  at  a  conclusion  on  this  point, 
a  map  was  prepared  giving  by  means  of  symbols  the  localities  where 
carbonates  occur  and  also  some  idea  of  the  amount  present.    From  this 


Fig.   4. — Coal   containiug  large  characteristic  flakes   of  calcium   sulphate. 


Fig.  5. — Coal  containing  a  number  of  plates  of  calcium  carbonate. 


chart  it  is  evident  that  the  calcite  is  widely  distributed  throughout 
the  coal  beds  of  the  State  with  hardly  any  reference  to  associated 
geological  conditions.  A  zone  of  somewhat  greater  intensity,  as  shown 
by  a  higher  average  in  the  percentage  content,  seems  to  be  indicated 
for  Fulton  and  Peoria  counties,  whereas  a  lower  average  is  indicated 
for  the  counties  of  Williamson,  Saline,  and  Clallatin. 


BULLETIN   NO.    3,   PLATE    I 


Map  of  Illinois  showing  distribution  of  calcium  carbonate  in  coal 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AND    CORRECTIONS  29 

However,  it  should  be  noted  that  not  infrequently  the  same  mine 
yields  samples  which  differ  widely  in  their  content  of  carbon  dioxide. 
Compare  for  example  the  various  samples  from  the  same  mine  under 
coal  No.  1,  Mercer  County,  cooperative  samples  17,  18,  and  19 ;  coal 
No.  2,  Bureau  County,  cooperative  sample  8;  coal  No.  5,  Fulton 
County,  cooperative  samples  31  and  29 ;  coal  No.  5,  Saline  County, 
cooperative  sample  48 ;  coal  No.  6,  Franklin  County,  cooperative  sam- 
ple 53.  Some  of  these  samples  have  from  two  to  seven  times  as  much 
carbonate  as  others  from  the  same  mine.  This  is  doubtless  the  condition 
to  be  expected  from  the  method  of  formation  in  the  cleavage  planes. 
Infiltration  of  ground  waters,  which  is  likely  to  be  more  or  less  facili- 
tated by  jointing  of  the  overlying  strata,  would  result  in  an  uneven 
distribution  of  this  material. 

AMOUNT    OF    CALCIUM     CARBONATE    IN     ILLINOIS     COALS 

As  a  result  of  work  on  the  400  samples  mentioned  above,  it  appears 
that  only  30  coals,  or  about  9  i)er  cent  of  the  total  collection,  yield 
carbon  dioxide  in  an  amount  less  than  0.1  per  cent.  This  represents 
less  than  0.2  per  cent  of  calcium  carbonate,  the  form  in  which  the 
CO2  occurs.  Nearly  50  per  cent  of  the  samples  have  calcium  carbonate 
present  in  excess  of  1.0  per  cent  of  the  raw  coal,  20  per  cent  have 
more  than  2.0  per  cent  of  the  carbonate,  and  3  per  cent  have  over  4 
per  cent  of  this  constituent.  These  ratios  substantially  dui)licate  re- 
sults in  the  previous  series  of  122  samples  which  were  published  to- 
gether with  the  method  and  description  of  apparatus  for  making  the 
determinations.  In  one  extreme  case  in  each  series  the  calcium  car- 
bonate exceeded  8  per  cent  of  the  coal  substance.  In  view  of  the  re- 
sults as  thus  enumerated  no  argument  is  necessai'y  as  to  the  advisa- 
bility of  taking  note  of  this  constituent  and  including  it  in  the  list 
of  substances  determined,  at  least  with  Illinois  coals. 

DISTURBING    EFFECT    OF    CALCIUM    CARBONATE 

To  illustrate  the  variable  effect  of  high  calcium  carbonate  on  ash 
determinations,  a  certain  coal  was  subjected  to  ashing  by  ordinary 
methods,  but  with  slight  variations  in  the  type  of  container  and  the 
temperature  employed.  It  gave  I'esults  varying  in  the  extreme  ])y  over 
21/2  per  cent.  The  sample,  No.  r)123,  had  4.92  per  cent  of  calcium  car- 
bonate, calculated  on  the  basis  of  2.17  per  cent  CO.  as  determined.  It 
had  also  0.19  pei*  cent  of  sulphate,  calculated  as  SO,,.  The  conditions 
and  results  were  as  follows: 


30 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

Variaiions  in  ash  determinations 


In  small  po'-ce!?>iii  crucible ,  23  mm.  high,  30  mm.  diam 
eter,    capacity    7    cc.    using-    various    temperatures    ob-<^ 
taineil  by  blast   and  muffle— estimated   800-900°. 


In  shallow  milk  dish  in  muffle,  at  an  estimated  tempera- 
ture of  900-950°. 


Fcr  cent 
22.2o 
2LS5 
22.67 
21.93 
22.25 
20.84 
21.31 
21.03 

19.96 
19.94 


RELATIONS  OF   CALCIUM   OXIDE   AND   SULPHUR 

The  above  results  suggest  a  number  of  questions:  Does  the  pres- 
ence of  calcium  oxide  affect  the  behavior  of  sulphur!  Will  pyritic 
sulphur  be  transferred  to  the  lime  as  sulphide  or  as  sulphate?  Will 
the  sulphates  when  present  dissociate  and  liberate  SOo,  or  combine 
with  the  lime  and  be  more  likely  to  remain  in  the  ash?  Can  the  COg 
as  volatile  ash  be  completely  eliminated  and  satisfactorily  corrected 
for,  so  as  to  contribute  to  the  accuracy  of  other  factors  calculated  by 
difference  ? 

It  may  be  well  at  this  point  to  present  briefly  some  evidence  that 
the  COo  as  determined  is  in  actual  combination  as  CaCOg  or  MgCOg. 
For  this  purpose  the  acid  solutions  from  the  COo  determinations  were 
analyzed  for  their  content  of  calcium  and  magnesium,  and  always 
yielded  a  full  equivalent  for  the  COo.  Indeed,  these  bases  were  pres- 
ent in  slight  excess,  being  doubtless  in  combination  as  silicates.  The 
results  are  shown  in  Table  9. 


Table  9. — Eesalis  of  analyses  for  calcium  and  magnesium  in  the  acid  solution 
after  determination  of  CO. 


Lab.  No. 

Moisture 

Ash 

CaO 

3.18 

MgO 

CO, 

CO2  required 
for  CaO+MgO 

6401 

2.57 

24.64 

.12 

2.21 

2  62 

6402 

3.06 

26.40 

3.49 

.15 

2.60 

2.90 

6403 

2.78 

25.35 

3.14 

.12 

2.24 

2.59 

6404 

3.14 

22.94 

2.85 

.10 

2.10 

2.35 

6405 

3.28 

22.77 

2.81 

.12 

2.05 

2.33 

The  presence  of  these  quantities  of  calcium  oxide  in  the  ash  v/ould 
suggest  the  tendency  of  this  material  to  absorb  sulphur  from  the  iron 
pyrites.     Since  numerous  tests  for  sulphides  in  the  ash  have  failed  to 


LABORATORY    PRAt  TieES    AND    CORRECTIONS 


31 


show  any  sulphur  retained  in  that  form,  it  is  evident  that  if  any  sul- 
phur remains  it  has  reached  the  final  stage  of  calcium  sulphate,  and 
a  similar  result  would  be  expected  from  the  effect  of  a  gas  flame  which 
had  any  considerable  quantity  of  sulphur  present:.  The  following 
table  will  show  such  an  increase  of  sulphur  as  sulphate  in  the  process 
of  ashing: 


Table  10. — Analyses  on  dry-coal  basis  showing  amount  of  pyritic  sulphur  absorbed 
by  CaO  during  incineration 


Lab.  No. 

Total  sulphur 
in  coal 

CO2 

SO3  in  fresh 
coal 

SO3  in  ash 

6399 

6400 

3.65 
3.19 

2.49 
2.40 

.21 

.22 

1.45 
1.67 
1.82 

1.42 
1.68 
1.51 

Similarly  the  weight  is  affected  by  an  accessible  gas  flame  of  coal 
gas  having  the  usual  sulphur  compounds  present.  The  following 
test  will  serve  as  an  illustration. 


Table  11. — Analyses  showing  increase  in  weight  of  a>h  due  to  absorption  of 

SO3  from  gas  flame 


Wt.   of  ash  as  ob- 

Wt. of  ash  exposed  Wt.  of  ash  exposed 

Lab  No. 

CO, 

tained  out  of  con- 

10  min.   to   gas          20  min.  to  gas 

tact  with  gas  flame 

flame  at  about  950° 

flame  at  about  950° 

6399 

2.49 

21.78 

21.83 

21.95 

6399 

2.49 

22.58 

22.70 

22.82 

6400 

2.40 

20.15 

20.33 

20.44 

6400 

2.40 

21.19 

21.26 

21.33 

DISSOCIATION    OF    CALCIUM    CARBONATE    AND    CALCIUM    SULPHATE 

The  question  would  naturally  arise  at  this  point  as  to  whether  it 
would  be  possible  to  obtain  the  ash  of  coal  without  decomposition  of 
the  calcium  carbonate.  As  part  of  the  answer  to  this  question  there  is 
presented  in  figure  6,  the  dissociation  curve  for  CaCO-j  as  derived  from 
the  plotting  of  Reisenf eld 's^  values  for  vapor  pressures  at  different 
temperatures  for  that  substance.  From  this  figure  it  would  appear 
that  if  the  ashing  could  be  carried  out  at  a  temperatui'c  between  500° 


2Jour  de  chemie  physique   7,   p.    561    (1909). 


32 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


or  600°  the  decomposition  of  the  CaCOg  would  be  reduced  to  the  mini- 
mum and  no  appreciable  absorption  of  sulphur  by  CaO  would  take 
place. 

An  attempt  was  made,  therefore,  to  control  the  behavior  of  the 
SO3  normally  present  in  the  coal  and  at  the  same  time  prevent  an  in- 
crease of  this  constituent  which  would  result  from  a  combination  of 


600 

1 

1 

*iOO 

1 

1 

E 

j 

E 

1 

•-    400 

1 

1 

1 

(0 

/ 

£ 

/ 

°-  300 

/ 

0 

/ 

^ 

/ 

... 

/ 

200 

r 

* 

/ 

/ 

/ 

100 

/ 

y 

y 

^ 

^ 

Li 

_ 

600  700  800  900 

Fig.   6. — Dissociation   curve  for  calcium   carbonate. 


the  sulphur  of  the  pyrites  with  any  CaO  which  might  develop  from 
decomposition  of  the  calcite. 

The  conditions  indicated  would  seem  to  call  for  the  burning  off 
of  both  the  carbon  and  the  pyritic  sulphur  at  so  low  a  temperature  as 
to  leave  the  CaCOg  practically  undisturbed.  After  those  reactions 
were  completed  the  heat  could  be  increased,  but  only  to  a  point  where 
there  would  be  no  appreciable  decomposition  of  the  normal  content 
of  SO...  The  procedure,  therefore,  made  use  of  shallow  incinerating 
dishes  over  a  low  flame,  the  heat  having  been  kept  at  the  lowest  pos- 


LABORATORY  PRACTICES  AND  CORRECTIONS 


33 


sible  point,  probably  between  500°  and  600°.  By  continuing  in  this 
manner  for  from  three  to  four  hours  this  part  of  the  reaction  was 
practically  complete.  The  dishes  were  then  put  in  a  hot  muffle  having 
a  temperature  of  800°  to  850°.  This  would  decompose  the  CaCOg,  but  at 
a  time  when  there  could  be  no  further  reaction  by  combination  of 
pyritic  sulphur  with  the  resulting  CaO.  To  determine  the  uniformity 
of  the  behavior  of  these  reactions,  the  SO3  finally  present  in  the  ash 
is  compared  with  the  initial  SO3  of  the  coal,  and  shown  in  Table  12. 
Whereas  the  results  are  excellent  and  the  possibilities  encouraging,  the 
care  and  time  necessary  are  prohibitive. 

Table  12. — Besults  of  controlling  reactions  by  low-temperature  incineration  to 
prevent  an  increase  of  sulphate  in  ash 


Lab.  No. 


CaO  calculated 

from  CO2  in 

fresh  coal 


SO3  in  ash  after  very 
SO3  in  fresh   low   temperature    for 
coal  I   burning    off    carbon 

I         and  S  in  FeS 


SO3  lost  or 

gained  in 

ashing 


5365 

1.16 

.95 

.94 

-.01 

5367 

1.02 

.39 

.38 

-.01 

5370 

1.46 

.47 

.48 

+.01 

5372 

.45 

.63 

.62 

-.01 

5376 

.36 

.61 

.59 

-.02 

5388 

1.18 

1.42 

1.40 

-.02 

5391 

.43 

.62 

.60 

-.02 

6303 

1.83 

.  , 

6304 

.56 

.31 

.31 

.00 

6305 

.50 

.26 

.26 

.00 

6306 

2.15 

.21 

.21 

.00 

6307 

2.70 

0  7 

.27 

.00 

6308 

1.44 

.20 

.20 

.00 

6309 

1.37 

.33 

.32 

-.01 

6310 

.95 

.21 

.22 

+.01 

6311 

.53 

.27 

.27 

.00 

6312 

1.25 

.18 

.18 

.00 

From  the  expei'icnce  thus  outliiu'd  it  wouhl  seem  that  a  i)ractical)le 
method  of  ashing  where  calcium  carbonate  is  involved  must  be  based 
on  a  temperature  in  excess  of  700°.  In  addition,  therefore,  to  decom- 
posing the  calcium  carbonate,  there  would  be  a  more  or  less  complete 
replacement  of  the  CO.  by  SO.5,  resulting  in  the  formation  of  calcium 
sulphate.  The  question  of  the  stability  of  this  sul)stance  is  therefore 
involved. 

As  to  the  decomposition  of  ( 'aSO^,  no  values  for  vapor  pressure  at 
different  temperatures  are  at  hand.  From  the  decrease  in  the  weight 
of  ash  and  the  corresponding  decrease  in  SO.,  as  shown  in  TMc  13,  we 


3  + 


COAL    MIXING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  13. — Amount  of  decomposition  of  CaSO^  in  coal  ash  at  temperatures 
varying  from  700°  to  J0£0°  Centigrade 


Conditions 


Portions  of  coal  sample 
No.  6305 


Wt.  of  ash  and  H,SOj  heated  for  10  minutes  at  700'^ 
In  muffle  at  700° 

Wt.  of  ash,  second  period,   10  minutes 

Wt.  of  ash,  third  period,  10  minutes 

SO3,   by  analysis,   per   cent 

In  muffle  at  81.5° 

Wt.  of  ash,  first  period,  20  minutes 

Wt.  of  ash,  second  period,  30  minutes 

Loss  in  wt.  per   cent 

SO3  loss   by   analysis,   per  cent 

In  muffle  at  9.50°-1050° 

Wt.  of  ash  after  38  minutes 

Loss   in   wt.  per   cent 

SO3  loss   by   analysis,   per  cent 


20.97 

20.94 

20.83 

20.97 

20.83 

20.83 

20.97 

20.83 

20.83 
3.48 

1  20.77 

20.56 

1  20.6.5 

20.48 

.... 

.32 

.35 

.33 

.34 

....  i 

20.90 

20.84 

20.84 

3.52 


19.79 
1.11 

1.08 


may  construct  a  curve  (fig.  7)  which  will  show  in  general  the  behavior 
of  this  material  through  the  various  ranges  of  temperature  likely  to 
be  considered  in  this  connection. 


METHOD    FOR    CONTROLLING   AND    CORRECTING    ASH   DETERMINATIONS    FOR 
CALCIUM    CARBCNATE 

General  considerations. — From  the  experiments  thus  shown  we 
have  evidence  that  at  a  temperature  of  700°  to  750°  the  loss  of  SO3  by 
dissociation  is  practically  negligible.  At  higher  temperatures,  how- 
ever, an  appreciable  loss  occurs.  From  a  study  of  all  the  elements  of 
the  case,  considering  especially  time,  practicability,  and  temperatures, 
it  Avould  seem  that  the  folloAving  general  outline  of  procedure  is  in- 
dicated. 

Coals  iviili  relatively  low  calcium  carhonate. — If  the  calcium  car- 
bonate is  small  in  amount  the  following  procedure  will  result  in  a 
negligible  error.  It  is  recommended  that  ashing  be  carried  on  in  a 
shallow  incinerating  dish"^  over  a  low  flame  until  practically  all  of  the 
carbon  is  burned  out.  The  temperature  toward  the  end  may  be  raised 
nearly  to  dull  redness,  but  for  the  most  part  should  not  be  more  than 
500°  to  600°.  The  time  involved  for  this  part  of  the  process  need  not 
exceed  one-half  hour.  Occasional  stirring  with  a  platinum  or  nichrome 
wire  will  facilitate  the  burning  out  of  the  carbon.     Second,  if  the 


'*Snch   dishes  as   are  listed   under   the   name   of    "Gliih-Schalchen,'    No.    5837    in   Greiner 
&  Friedrich's  catalog,   1912. 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AND    CORRECTIONS 


35 


capsule  is  transferred  to  a  cherry-red  nmffle  maintained  at  700'  to 
750°  there  should  be  no  alteration  in  constituent  except  the  CaCOo. 
Moreover,  the  preliminary  burning  should  dispose  of  the  pyritic  sul- 
phur before  any  sulphate  could  become  fixed. 


■ 

1 

100 

1 

1 

QO 

/ 

80 

y 

/ 

70 

f 

60 

/ 

50 

/ 

/ 

40 

/ 

/ 

30 

/ 

/ 

?0 

y^ 

^ 

Ix' 

10 

^ 

^ 

-- 

,__ 

'" 

600  700  800  900  1000  1100 

Fig.  7. — Dissociation  curve  for  calcium  sul[)hate. 


1200 


CoaU  with  relativelij  high  cdlciuvi  carhoiutte. — If  the  calcium- 
carbonate  content  is  high,  and  especially  where  extreme  accuracy  is 
desired,  a  correction  for  loss  of  CO^  should  be  secured  as  follows. 

For  coals  containing  carbon  dioxide  in  an  amount  to  call  for  cor- 
rection, say  0.5  to  1.00  per  cent  and  over,  the  ash  after  the  preliminary 
burning  off  of  the  carbon  and  cooling  is  moistened  with  a  few  drops 
of  sulphuric  acid  (diluted  1:1)  and  again  after  drying  brought  up  to 
750°  C.  and  retained  at  that  temperature  for  3  to  5  minutes.  The  cap- 
sule is  cooled  in  a  desiccator  and  weighed.  Three  times  the  equivalent 
of  carbon  present  as  carbon  dioxide  is  substracted  from  the  ash  as 
weighed  in  order  to  restore  the  weight  of  the  calcium  sulphate  formed 
to  the  equivalent  of  calcium  carbonate.  The  ratios  in  molecular  ecpiiv- 
alents  are 

SO3=80 
3C=36 

Difference 
as  (CO,)  =44 


36 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


The  above  method  was  applied  in  the  determinations  of  ash  on  five 
coals  high  in  calcium  carbonate.     The  results  are  given  in  Table  14. 

Table  14, — Analyses  sltoiving  agreement  of  ash  duplicates  in  high-car'bonate  coals 

resulting  from   treatment   of  carhon-free   ash  loith   H^SO^   and 

returning  at  700°  to  750°  Centigrade 


A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

SO3  equiv- 

F 

SO3   as   determined 

G 
Difference  be- 

Lab. 

Duplicate 

Original 

GO.  found 

alent  to 

in  treated  ash  with 

tween  cor- 

No. 

H,0 

ash  from 

SO3  in  un- 

in fresh 

CO,  as 

subtraction  of  orig- 

rected value 

H,SO, 

treated 

coal 

bhown  in 

inal  SO3  as  shown 

and  original 

treatment 

coal 

column  D 

in  column  C 

CO.  value 

6401 

2.57 

24.61 
24.67 

.16 

2.21 

4.08 

4.16 

.08 

6402 

3.06 

26.46 
26.33 

.18 

2.60 

4.81 

4.67 

.14 

6403 

2.78 

25.51 
25.20 

.16, 

2.24 

4.14 

4.13 

.01 

6404 

3.14 

22.96 
22.93 

.16 

2.10 

3.88 

3.84 

.04 

6405 

3.28 

22.71 
22.81 

.20 

2.05 

3.79 

3.72 

.07 

Since  the  resulting  sulphate  was  determined  as  SO3,  the  CO2  present 
was  calculated  to  the  SO^  equivalent  and  comparison  for  the  treated 
ash  made  on  that  basis.  The  variations  as  indicated  in  column  Gl- 
are of  a  low  order  and  indicate  the  reliability  of  the'  method  for  cor- 
recting the  ash  in  high-carbonate  coals. 

In  Table  15  are  given  the  original  moisture  and  calcium  carbonate 
in  the  samples  together  Avith  the  ash  determined  by  the  usual  method 
and  also  by  the  HoSO^  method  which  corrects  the  result  for  calcium 
carbonate. 


ASH  VALUES    AS    AFFECTED   BY    SULPHATES 

Occurrence  and  heliavior. — From  the  foregoing  studies  involving 
variations  due  to  the  formation  of  sulphates  and  their  possible  decom- 
position under  conditions  of  temperature  or  a  reducing  atmosphere 
it  seemed  advisable  to  make  a  further  study  of  the  occurrence  of  this 
ingredient  in  coal.  If  sulphates  aro  initially  present  in  the  form  of 
sulphates  of  iron  there  is  involved  their  possible  decomposition  from 
that  combination.  The  dissociation  temperature  for  ferrous  sulphate 
begins  at  550°  and  is  rapid  at  600°.     Ferric  sulphate  is  indicated  as 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AND    CORRECTIONS 


37 


Table  15. — Ash  values  as  determined  by  the  usual  method  compared  with 
corrected  values  taking  account  of  calcium  carbonate 


Lab.  No. 

Moisture 

Calcium 
carbonate 

Ash  by 
routine  method 

Ash  by  treat- 
ment with  H2SO4 

Difference 

20.76 

20.14 

6401 

2.57 

5.03 

21.76 

21.78 

24.61 
24.67 

Average  21.61 

Average  24.64 

3.03 

22.41 

22.45 

6402 

3.06 

5.91 

23.07 
23.30 

26.46 
26.33 

Average  22.81 

Average  26.40 

3.59 

21.35 

25.51 

6403 

2.78 

5.10 

21.19 

25.20 

Average  21.32 

Average  25.36 

4.04 

22.52 

21.73 

20.26 

6404 

3.14 

4.78 

20.03 
19.80 
20.48 

22.96 
22.93 

Average  20.80 

Average  22.94 

2.14 

19.63 

22.71 

6405 

3.28 

4.66 

19.64 

22.81 

Average  19.(54 

Average  22.7(5 

3.12 

decomposing  at  700°.  ('alciiini  siilphnlc  has  ali'cady  hvvw  discussed 
and,  as  noted,  would  not  l)e  distui'bcd  hy  the  pi'oposcd  iiu^hod  for 
ashing. 

With  reference  to  the  amount  and  disti'ibution  of  sulphate,  from 
the  limited  data  ol)tained  up  to  the  pi'cscnt  time  the  indications  are 
rather  unexpected,  and  to  the  effect  that  this  in«»redient  is  about  as 
common  and  in  sufficient  i)i'()poi'ti()ns  to  l)e  as  sei'iously  distui'bing  as 
has  been  found  to  be  th(^  case  with  carbonates.  This  may  be  illustrated 
in  Table  16  showin*^  the  ])ei'centa<i(',  amonnt.  and  distribution  of  SO., 
in  dry  coal  for  18  samj)les. 

hicrease  of  sulpJuiles  in  lubordlorj/  sdDijdes. — A  closely  related 
phase  of  this  matter  is  the  <2^rowth  of  suli)hate  in  finely  divided  coal. 
This  is  especially  noticeable  in  the  laboratoiy  samples  ground  to  60- 
mesh  size,  even  Avhen  kei)t  in  the  most  approved  manner  in  glass  con- 
tainers with  rubbei'  sto])])ei's.  That  this  finely  ground  material  is 
chiefly  involved  in  this  change  is  shown  by  the  following  experiment. 


38 


COAL    MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table   16. — Analyses   showing  amount  of  sulphate  in  fresh  samples   of  Illinois 
coals;    values  in  percentage  of  dry  coal 


Lab.  No. 

County 

CO, 

Sulphate  present 
as  SO3 

5365 

Mercer 

0.91 

0.95 

5367 

Grundy 

0.80 

0.39 

5370 

Mercer 

1.15 

0.47 

5372 

Mercer 

0.35 

0.63 

5376 

Grundy 

0.28 

0.61 

5388 

La  Salle 

0.93 

1.42 

5391 

La  Salle 

0.34 

0.62 

6304 

Sangamon 

0.44 

0.31 

6305 

Williamson 

0.39 

0.26 

6306 

Vermilion 

1.69 

0.21 

6307 

Vermilion 

2.12 

0.27 

6308 

Vermilion 

1.13 

0.20 

6309 

Christian 

1.08 

0.33 

6310 

Sangamon 

0.75 

0.21 

6311 

Williamson 

0.42 

0.27 

6312 

Sangamon 

0.98 

0.18 

4994 

Saline 

0.00 

0.72 

5123 

Williamson 

0.07 

0.32 

Seven  samples  of  coal  were  analyzed  in  August,  1912,  for  SOo,  by 
taking  the  fresh  sample  ground  to  60-mesh  and  digesting  it  in  10- 
per  cent  solution  of  hydrochloric  acid.  In  April,  1913,  portions  of 
the  same  laboratory  sample,  that  is  of  60-mesh  size,  were  similarly 
analyzed  for  sulphate  and  at  the  same  date  portions  of  the  coarse 
material  as  originally  received,  one  pound  of  which  had  been  retained 
in  a  ^'lightning"  or  ''seal  fast"  jar  with  lever  clamp  top.  These  gross 
samples  had  been  reduced  to  about  10-mesh  size  and  air  dried,  though 
some  of  the  numbers  had  a  larger  portion  of  fine  material  than  others, 
noticeably  in  the  fourth  sample,  No.  5372.  The  results  are  shown  in 
the  following  Table  17. 

Table  17. — Analyses  showing  comparison  of  growth  of  sulphate  in  fine  and 
coarse  stored  laboratory  samples 


SO3 

County 

H^O 

Total 

sulphur 

Lab  No. 

60-mesh 

60-mesh 

10-mesh 

Aug.,  1912 

April,  1913 

April,  1913 

5365 

Mercer 

6.33 

5.29 

.95 

1.46 

.86 

5367 

Grundy 

8.84 

2.27 

.39 

.38 

.18 

5370 

Mercer 

4.49 

4.92 

.47 

.49 

.23 

5372 

Mercer 

4.86 

5.46 

.63 

1.25 

1.12 

5376 

Grundy 

7.66 

2.73 

.61 

1.12 

.86 

5388 

La  Salle 

7.93 

5.20 

1.42 

1.79 

.82 

5391 

La  Salle 

8.05 

4.83 

.62 

1.20 

.81 

LABORATORY  PRACTICES  AND  CORRECTIONS 


39 


An  inspection  of  this  table  will  indicate  that  as  between  the  freshly 
ground  coal  and  that  which  had  been  kept  in  laboratory  storage  for 
eight  months  the  increase  in  sulphate  was  exceedingly  marked  in  all 
but  the  second  and  third  samples.  Also  wdth  one  exception,  the  coarser 
material  had  a  lower  percentage  of  sulphate.  This  suggested  a  further 
test  wherein  two  of  the  numbers  having  high-sulphate  factors  w^ere 
sized,  namely  Nos.  5372  and  5388.  Sulphate  determinations  were  ac- 
cordingly made  on  the  several  fractions,  of  10-,  20-,  and  40-mesh,  with 
results  as  shown  in  Table  18. 


Table  18. — Analyses  showing  content  of  sulphate  present  as  SO^  in  sized 
portions  after  eight   montlis   in  storage 


Lab.    No. 

10-mesh                          20-mesh 

40-mesh 

5372 

5388 

.91                                    .89 
.53                                    .60 

1.43 
1.42 

It  is  indicated  in  this  table  that  although  substantially  no  increase 
in  sulphate  has  occurred  up  to  the  20-mesh  size,  the  growth  of  that 
substance  has  been  very  marked  in  the  -tO-mesh  portion,  though  it 
should  be  said  that  the  -1-O-mesh  contains  also  all  of  the  material  passing 
through  that  sieve. 

In  seeking  an  exi)laiiati()n  for  the  lack  of  uniformity  in  behavior 
due  to  sizing  alone,  it  was  thought  that  })()ssi])ly  the  amount  of  free 
moisture  in  the  samph^  as  well  as  the  percentage  of  FeS.  might  play 
an  impoi'tant  ])art.  A  numl)ei'  of  samples  were,  therefoi'e,  selected  in 
which  the  free  moistui'c^  was  low.  In  these  cases  thc^  growth  of  sul})liate 
ill  the  lal)oratoi'y  sampb^  was  small,   as  shown   in   Ta])le   19. 


Table    19. — AnaUiscs  shoiring   effect   of  loir    moisture  on    the   derelopnient    of 
sulphate  in  stored  lahoratori/  samples 


11,0 

Sulphur 
(dry- 
coal 
basis) 

P 

ereeiitage  of  SO3 

Lab. 
No. 

60-mesh 

laboratory 

sample 

stored 

21/2   "los. 

Sample 
selected 
from  re- 
serve sam- 
ple after 
^•1  mo. 

Sample 
selected 
from  re- 
serve after 
21/2  mos. 

10-mesh 
of  re- 
serve 
sami)Ie 

20-mesh 
of  re- 
serve 
sami>le 

40-mesh 
of  re- 
serve 
sample 

6399 
6400 

1.74 
2.03 

3.(1 5 
3.19 

.214 
.218 

.200 
.230 

.198 

.228 

.176 
.199 

.164 
.195 

.215 

.257 

A  further  interest  attaches  to  sample  No.  5372,  which  has  been 
listed  in  Tables  16  and  17  above,  in  that  the  accumulation  of  sulphate 
of  iron  in  this  sample  has  become  so  marked  as  to  be  clearly  shown  in 


40 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


the  sample  bottle.  A  photographic  illustration  is  given  in  which  an 
attempt  is  made  to  show  the  white  formation  of  sulphate  on  the  bot- 
tom of  the  bottle,  some  of  it  in  crystalline  form  (fig.  8). 


Fig.   8. — Fonnaticii   of  sulphate  crystals   on   bottom  of  sample   bottle. 

Figure  9  is  a  photomicrograph  of  a  small  mass  taken  from  a  sample 
of  coal  enclosed  in  a  museum  jar.  The  sample  had  not  been  air  dried, 
and  all  of  the  normal  moisture  was  present  when  it  was  first  put  into 
the  jar.  The  sulphate  crystals  were  quite  abundant  throughout  the 
coal  mass.  Of  course  the  white  deposit  of  iron  sulphate  over  the  sur- 
face of  a  pile  of  screenings  which  has  been  exposed  to  the  weather  is 


Fig.  9. — Photoiiiicroi>v;;ph  of  sam[)le   of   coal  enclosed   in  museum  jar  showing 

crystals  of  sulphate. 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AXD    (ORRECTIOXS 


41 


not  unusual,  but  ordinai'ily  we  have  not  thought  to  look  for  the  same 
effect  in  carefully  sealed  laboratory  containers. 

In  order  to  secure  further  evidence  on  the  relation  between  free 
moisture  and  sulphate  in  sealed  samples,  28  samples  of  coal  were  se- 
lected from  the  various  districts  of  the  State  and  sulphate  determina- 
tion made  on  the  laboratory  samples  ground  to  60-mesh  which  had  been 
in  storage  from  the  early  part  of  1912  until  June,  1913.  Unfortunately 
the  sulphate  factors  for  the  fresh  coal  are  not  available,  but  the  table 
shows  that  high  moisture,  especially  when  accompanied  by  a  high  per- 
centage of  total  sulphur,  presumably  mainly  in  the  sulphide  form  in 
the  fresh  coal,  will  produce  upon  standing  a  high  percentage  of  sul- 
phate sulphur.  This  would  normally  proceed  from  the  equation 
2FeS2+'7  0,+2H,0=2FeSO^.  Note  in  this  connection  especially 
Nos.  5359,  5361,  5362,  and  5364  of  Table  20. 


Table  20.- — Amount  of  sulphate  in  laboratorii  .samples  stored  from  March,  1912, 
to  June,  191.1:,   and   aitendinfj    conditions  of  moi.sture  and  sulphur'-^ 


Lab.  No. 


County 


Coal  bed 


H2O        I  Total  sulphur  I SO3  ( dry-coal ) 


4699 

Verniili()i\ 

6 

2.80 

2.44 

.18 

4702 

do 

6 

2.08 

2.75 

.15 

4706 

do 

6 

2.08 

3.48 

.82 

4707 

do 

(5 

1.82 

4.82 

.85 

4716 

do 

7 

2.81 

4.06 

.62 

4724 

do 

/ 

i.9r^ 

3.77 

.60 

4727 

do 

7 

1.91 

3.88 

.37 

4784 

do 

/ 

2.24 

2.59 

')0 

4744 

do 

6 

4.58 

1.94 

.29 

4789 

Fnmkliii 

() 

3.88 

.52 

.02 

4811 

do 

(•) 

2.41 

1.53 

00 

4994 

Saline 

5 

2.82 

2.32 

.54 

5006 

Williamson 

() 

.').25 

1.11 

.12 

oOll 

Fiankliu 

() 

4.14 

1.53 

.18 

.1024 

Salino 

5 

5.87 

3.78 

.80 

5121 

Williamson 

() 

8.78 

1.42 

.11 

5122 

do 

(i 

(5.25 

1.46 

.12 

5134 

do 

(') 

6.25 

1.24 

.10 

5224 

Franklin 

(i 

5.87 

1.12 

.06 

5839 

Mercer 

1 

8.21 

5.66 

.98 

5859 

Kock  Islan.l 

1 

4.84 

6.56 

2.14 

5361 

do 

1 

5.74 

4.56 

1.(18 

5362 

do 

1 

4.96 

5.26 

1.15 

5864 

Mercer 

1 

6.34 

4.94 

1.69 

5868 

Grundy 

0 

7.08 

3.04 

.59 

5369 

do 

2 

6.98 

2.53 

.14 

5877 

do 

0 

7.88 

4.00 

1.34 

5889 

La  Salle 

^ 

7.71 

3.57 

.83 

"Sulphate   was    determined 
en  pulverized  sam])les. 


June    2,    1913,    on    ;  ainples    collected    Feb.    to    June,    1912, 


42  COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

Moisture  Deter min ations 
methods  employed 

It  will  be  of  interest  at  this  point  to  eompare  the  total  moistures 
obtained  on  the  cooperative  samples,  noting  again  that  the  samples 
of  3  pounds  each  sent  to  the  laboratories  at  Pittsburgh  and  Urbana 
were  obtained  as  shown  in  figure  1.  The  methods  employed  by  the 
two  laboratories  differed  somewhat  and  since  the  coals  under  consid- 
eration are  of  the  high-moisture  type,  an  excellent  opportunity  is  of- 
fered for  testing  out  the  methods  employed  since  any  irregularities 
in  procedure  would  at  once  manifest  themselves.  In  the  main  it  may 
be  said  that  the  results  as  obtained  hy  the  two  laboratories  are  in  very 
good  agreement,  and  where  large  variations  occur  there  is  an  evidence 
in  the  accompanying  data  as  to  the  cause,  and  in  consequence  a  sug- 
gestion as  to  the  remedy. 

The  methods  differed  in  that  the  Bureau  of  Mines  uses  smaller  pans 
for  air  drying  and  makes  use  of  the  ball-mill,  ])ulverizing  by  that  means 
about  500  grams  of  coal  to  60-mesh.  The  University  of  Illinois  method 
for  air  drying  uses  i)ans  20  by  20  inches.  In  both  laboratories  the 
temperature  for  air-diying  i-anges  from  35°  to  40°  C.  The  moisture 
in  the  air-dry  sample  in  consequence  rarely  exceeds  3  per  cent.  In 
this  condition  it  is  reduced  to  10-mesh  in  a  grinder  of  the  coffee-mill 
type,  passed  entirely  through  a  riffle  with  y^-iuch  slits  until  a  60-gram 
sample  results.  The  material  in  this  small  portion  which  will  pass  a 
60-mesh  sieve,  about  one-third  in  amount  is  first  separated  by  use  of  a 
closed  sieve,  and  is  transferred  at  once  to  a  4-ounce  rubber-stoppered 
bottle.  The  remaining  portion  is  reduced  on  the  bucking  board  until 
all  passes  the  same  sieve,  when  it  is  added  to  the  part  already  in  the 
4-ounce  bottle.  The  total  time  required  for  the  bucking-board  pro- 
cess does  not  exceed  three  minutes.  The  grinding  and  riffling  of  the 
gross  sample  requires  also  about  three  minutes. 

COMPARISON   OE  THE  RESULTS 

If  we  accept  as  suggested  in  the  preliminary  report  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Coal  Analysis-^,  a  variation  of  0.5  per  cent  as  between  different 
analyses  for  coals  of  this  type,  the  results  on  the  first  54  samples  of 
Table  21  are  reasonably  concordant.  Certainly  the  three  or  four  re- 
sults that  vary  to  the  extent  of  0.6  per  cent  or  over  could  not  be  taken 
as  an  argument  for  or  against  either  method  of  grinding.  For  the 
twenty-three  samples  following  the  first  fifty-four,  however,  there  are 
only  seven  that  would  come  within  the  i)rescribed  limit  of  variation. 

•»Year   Book    for    1915,    Ainer.    Soc.    Testing-    Materials,    pp.    596-624. 


LABORATORY    PRACTICES    AND    CORRECTIONS  43 

An  examination  of  the  figures  in  the  Bureau  of  Mines  column,  show- 
ing the  amount  of  moisture  retained  by  the  air-dry  sample  suggests 
an  explanation  for  the  discrepancy.  Samples  1  to  56  inclusive  have 
percentages  of  air-dry  moistures,  as  shown  by  both  laboratories,  which 
are  relatively  low  in  amount  and  presumably  somewhere  near  an 
equilibrium  with  the  average  humidity  of  the  atmosphere.  Beginning 
with  sample  57,  however,  the  amount  of  moisture  retained  by  the  air- 
dry  samples  sent  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  high  and  in  the  majority 
of  cases  the  percentage  would  seem  to  be  considerably  above  the  point 
of  probable  equilibrium  with  the  moisture  of  the  atmosphere.  While 
the  variations  in  total  moisture  for  samples  No.  57  to  78  are  not  alto- 
gether consistent,  the  results  seem  to  indicate  that  coals  with  more  than 
4  or  5  per  cent  moisture  in  the  air-dry  state  w411  lose  an  appreciable 
amount  of  water  in  the  process  of  grinding.  Exemption  from  the  dif- 
ficulty is  not  wholly  secured  by  use  of  the  ball-mill  in  carrj^ng  on  the 
process  of  fine  grinding. 


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COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


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48  COAL    MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 

General  Statement 

The  analyses  presented  in  the  latter  part  of  this  report  are  the  re- 
sult of  the  extended  sampling  and  analytical  campaign  carried  on  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  fall  of  1912  by  the  Coal  Mining  Investigations.  As 
stated  before,  they  represent  the  results  of  analysis  of  a  large  number 
of  samples  taken  under  like  conditions  and  by  the  same  sampling  crews. 
They  furnish  excellent  criteria  for  a  comparison  of  coals  from  differ- 
ent parts  of  Illinois.  Consideration  of  the  results  develops  some  inter- 
esting features  regarding  the  free  moisture  in  Illinois  coals  and  the 
difference  in  composition  between  the  top  bench  of  coal  No.  6  and  the 
remainder  of  the  seam.  In  the  following  pages,  therefore,  these  sub- 
jects are  discussed  in  detail  and  there  is  added  a  description  of  the 
methods  of  calculating  the  commercial  heat  value  of  a  coal  as  deliv- 
ered when  the  ash,  moisture,  and  sulphur  content  is  known. 

Free  Moisture  in  Illinois  Coals 

The  free  moisture  in  Illinois  coal  varies  considerably.  In  the 
greater  part  of  the  producing  area  the  freshly  mined  coal  has  from 
12  to  14  per  cent  of  uncombined  water.  It  is  evenly  distributed  through- 
out the  texture  of  the  coal  so  that  there  is  no  appearance  of  free  mois- 
ture on  the  surface  of  the  coal  particles.  The  water,  thus  held,  slowly 
escapes  in  the  process  of  preparation  and  shipment,  the  amount  of  loss 
depending  upon  weather  conditions,  length  of  time  in  transit,  accessi- 
bility of  air,  and  size  of  particles.  No  definite  rule  can  be  given,  there- 
fore, as  to  the  drop  in  moisture  likely  to  occur  between  the  working 
face  at  the  mine  and  the  storage  bin  of  the  user.  The  loss  in  weight 
may  vary  from  nothing  to  4  or  5  per  cent.  In  any  event,  it  is  a  variable 
which  should  receive  consideration,  because  of  its  effect  on  tonnage  and 
heat  values.  Obviously  the  coal  with  the  lower  initial  moisture  v/ill 
vary  the  least  in  transportation,  but  high  moisture  coals  carried  in 
stock  over  long  periods  and  sold  at  retail  will  lose  a  very  considerable 
amount  of  their  original  weight.  The  user  receives  less  water  and 
more  fuel  per  ton,  and  doubtless  the  dealer  adds  enough  in  price  to 
account  for  the  shrinkage  in  gross  weight.  From  practical  or  com- 
mercial considerations,  therefore,  the  amount  of  moisture  content  for 
given  areas,  so  far  as  there  is  any  uniformity  in  the  results,  is  a  matter 
of  considerable  importance. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  cuttings  from  a  drill  in  the  process 
of  boring  a  hole  for  blasting  would  furnish  a  better  index  of  the  nor- 
mal moisture  factor  for  the  coal  seam  than  cross-cuttings  from  the 
face,  since  the  drill  after  penetrating  several  feet  into  the  unbroken 


ANALYSES    OF    ILLINOIS    COALS 


49 


coal  would  bring  out  material  which  had  lost  none  of  its  original  mois- 
ture. A  number  of  such  samples  are  presented  in  Table  22,  showing 
the  percentage  of  moisture  in  the  drillings  and  in  the  face  samples 
taken  at  the  same  places.  A  summary  of  the  results  shows  that,  of  the 
eleven  samples  compared,  six  are  substantially  duplicate  checks,  four 
of  the  face  samples  show  a  lower  amount  of  moisture,  and  two  show  a 
higher  value.  From  these  results,  it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  the  mois- 
ture as  found  in  the  face  samples  taken  with  the  ordinary  precautions 
is  a  fair  index  of  the  normal  moisture  content  of  the  seam. 

Table  22. — Amount  of  inoisture  in  drill  cuttings  compared  with  amount  in 

face  samples 


Moisture 

Moisture 

Lab.  No. 

Co-op.  No. 

County 

in  drill- 
hole sample 

in  nearby 
face  sample 

5247 

13 

Jackson 

9.36 

9.88 

5227 

14 

Jackson 

10.63 

8.77 

5370 

17 

Mercer 

17.65 

17.50 

5362 

19 

Mercer 

15.38 

14.46 

5199 

38 

Sangamon 

14.08 

14.10 

4980 

43 

Saline 

6.28 

6.80 

5014 

49 

Saline 

5.65 

4.90 

4790 

53 

Franklin 

11.03 

10.00 

4782 

53 

Franklin 

11.89 

10.57 

5057 

79 

St.  Clair 

11.03 

10.69 

5026 

90 

Perry 

10.69 

11.20 

Analyses  of  Top  Bench  of  Coal  No.  6 

In  certain  districts  mining  coal  No.  6  the  custom  ])i'evails*  of  leav- 
ing a  portion  of  the  coal  as  roof.  This  is  designatiHl  as  top  coal  and 
varies  greatly  in  thickness  although  it  is  genei-ally  less  than  20  inches 
thick. 

In  this  sui'vey  15  samples  of  top  coal  were  taken,  each  from  a  local- 
ity in  the  mine  where  a  samx^lc  from  the  Avoi'kiiig  face  was  also  ob- 
tained. 

By  reference  to  Tables  26  and  27,  Ave  find  that  the  noi'mal  moisture 
of  the  seam  is  least  in  the  southei'u  and  southeastei'n  counties,  Dis- 
tricts II,  V,  and  VI  varying  fi'om  5  to  9  per  cent,  whereas  the  mois- 
ture reaches  its  maximum  in  the  northern  areas,  especially  in  District  I 
where  the  moisture  values  vary  from  15  to  19  pei'  cent. 

These  valuations  do  not  follow  any  condition  which  might  be  sup- 
posed to  I'esult  from  the  depth  of  the  seam  oi'  geological  number  of 
the  layei'.  For  example,  coal  No.  2,  La  Salle  County,  has  an  average 
moisture  content  of  15.70  pei'  cent,  but  coal  No.  7  in  the  same  county 


50  COAL    MIXING    INVESTIGATIONS 

has  an  average  of  13.56  per  cent.  This  order  is  reversed,  however,  in 
McLean  County,  where  coal  No.  2  has  an  average  of  11.26  per  cent, 
and  coal  No.  5  has  13.22  per  cent. 

In  the  southern  counties  a  possible  correlation  with  geological  fea- 
tures would  seem  to  be  the  fact  that  to  the  east  and  south  of  the  Du- 
quoin  anticline  the  amount  of  free  moisture  is  less  than  the  percentage 
found  to  the  west  and  north  of  that  line.  For  example,  the  average 
moisture  for  Fi-anklin  County  is  9.01  per  cent.  For  Jackson  County 
it  is  9.28  per  cent.  The  Duquoin  anticline  bends  to  the  west  on  enter- 
ing Jackson  County  so  that  Murphysboro  is  situated  east  of  the  anti- 
cline. Similarly,  the  average  moisture  for  AVilliamson  County  is  9.31 
per  cent ;  for  Saline  County,  6.92  per  cent ;  and  for  Gallatin  County, 
1.30  per  cent.  In  the  counties  west  of  the  anticline,  the  moisture 
ranges  from  about  10  per  cent  up  to  almost  15  per  cent.  It  would  be 
difficult  with  our  present  knowledge  to  attempt  an  explanation  for  the 
relatively  low  average  moisture  in  the  area — whether  from  the  method 
of  deposition,  kind  or  extent  of  bacterial  decomposition  of  the  initial 
organic  material,  earth  pressures,  or  earth  temperatures,  it  would  be 
impossible  to  say.  Igneous  intrusion  is  locally  evident  in  the  ''Coal 
Measures"  of  the  southeastern  part  of  the  State,  but  the  evidence  of 
higher  temperatures  accompanying  such  intrusion  is  localized.  The 
most  natural  explanation  would  l^e  to  ascribe  the  lower  moistures  to 
greater  pressure  and  higher  temperature.  Further  data  from  similar 
regions  is  necessary  before  final  conclusions  would  be  warranted. 

The  analytical  results  in  Table  23  afford  an  opportunity  for  study- 
ing the  character  and  comparative  value  of  the  coal  thus  left  in  the 
mine.  The  analysis  for  each  sample  of  top  coal  is  coupled  with  the 
analytical  results  from  the  face  sample  taken  nearby.  The  features 
to  be  observed  in  studying  these  values  are  as  follows: 

1.  The  moisture  is  slightly  lower  as  a  rule  in  the  top  coal.  This 
is  doubtless  due  to  longer  exposure  and  resulting  opportunity  for  es- 
cape of  moisture. 

2.  The  ratio  of  volatile  matter  to  fixed  carbon  remains  substan- 
tially the  same  in  both. 

3.  Where  variations  of  any  consequence  occur  in  the  percentage 
of  sulphur,  it  is  usually  higher  in  the  top  coal. 

4.  Ash  values  are  frequently  so  much  lower  in  the  top  coal  as  to 
be  especially  noteworthy. 

5.  The  heat  values  for  unit  coal  are  substantially  the  same  as  for 
the  face  sample. 

The  last  two  items  are  of  special  interest.  For  example,  the  excep- 
tional purity  of  some  of  the  top  coal  with  respect  to  the  ash  content 
emphasizes  the  danger  which  may  accompany  the  taking  of  a  hand 


ANALYSES    OF   ILLINOIS   COALS 


51 


sample  and  having  it  analyzed  as  a  representative  portion  of  the  out- 
put of  the  mine.  A  sample  of  top  coal  in  many  eases  would  give  very 
erroneous  results  if  taken  as  the  avei'age  output  of  the  mine. 

Table  2^.  —Analy.'^cs  of  top  hcndi  of  coal  No.  6  compared  with  thoitc  of  the 
bed  excluding  the  top  bench 

(a  =  top  beiK'li;    b  =  sample  excluding  top  bench) 


Lab. 
No. 

Co-op. 
No. 

County 

Parts  of 
coal  bed 

Mois- 
ture 

A'olatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

Unit  coal 
B.t.u. 

5007 

51 

Franklin 

a 

7.67 

36.00 

50.32 

6.01 

3.04 

14505 

b 

10.63 

33.23 

48.79 

7.35 

1.40 

14534 

4813 

52 

Franklin 

a 

5.30 

39.49 

43.88 

11.33 

5.61 

14623 

b 

6.96 

38.42 

44.16 

10.46 

2.98 

14568 

4809 

52 

Franklin 

a 

6.02 

39.85 

44.37 

9.76 

4.12 

14710 

b 

7.34 

38.11 

44.23 

10.32 

3.26 

14561 

4788 

53 

Franklin 

a 

13.97 

33.08 

49.35 

3.60 

0.45 

1-1518 

b 

10.15 

32.88 

50.56 

6.41 

0.59 

14494 

4783 

53 

Franklin 

a 

8.03 

33.99 

54.93 

3.05 

0.77 

14445 

b 

10.00 

32.08 

50.93 

6.98 

0.47 

14492 

4762 

54 

Perry 

a 

11.09 

33.87 

51.92 

3.12 

0.90 

14381 

1) 

10.32 

34.03 

46.19 

9.4(5 

1.07 

1-1380 

4770 

54 

J>erry 

a 

10.72 

33.93 

48.48 

6.87 

2.02 

14363 

b 

10.05 

33.24 

45.85 

10.8(5 

0.93 

14424 

4781 

55 

Perry 

a 

6.41 

38.1(5 

47.17 

8.26 

3.99 

14611 

1) 

7.17 

36.3(5 

45.25 

11.22 

3.92 

14617 

4771 

55 

Jacki-oii 

a 

9.(51 

33.91 

51.96 

4.52 

0.57 

1-1417 

b 

10.88 

31.91 

48.90 

8.51 

0.(55 

14531 

4772 

55 

Jackson 

a 

9.86 

34.12 

52.78 

3.24 

0.74 

14488 

b 

10.88 

31.71 

48.90 

8.51 

0.65 

14531 

5210 

56 

Franklin 

a 

7.57 

38.53 

46.84 

7.06 

2.69 

14585 

b 

7.71 

35.75 

45.38 

11.1(5 

3.50 

14644 

4792 

58 

Fraiiklin 

a 

7.88 

35.46 

49.93 

(5.73 

1.83 

14564 

b 

8.70 

34.62 

■18.92 

7.70 

0.62 

14426 

5171 

64 

WiUiaiHsou 

a 

5.93 

38.(54 

47.75 

7.(58 

3.10 

14757 

b 

7.38 

35.59 

47.56 

9.47 

O.S(5 

14617 

5003 

65 

Williamson 

a 

7.40 

37.12 

48.96 

6.52 

3.(53 

14771 

b 

8.58 

33.95 

48.31 

9.16 

3.10 

14644 

5051 

85 

Clinton 

a 

12.41 

40.40 

38.13 

9.0(5 

3.91 

14364 

b 

12.43 

37.23 

39.93 

10.41 

4.19 

14^11 

52  COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

It  is  probable  that  a  good  market  might  be  developed  for  top  coal 
if  it  were  mined  separately,  but  up  to  the  present  time  no  operator  has 
undertaken  such  a  move. 

The  other  item  relates  to  the  close  agreement  of  the  heat  values  for 
the  unit  coal.  It  is  thus  indicated  that  the  general  type  of  organic  mat- 
ter in  the  top  coal  is  the  same  and  has  the  same  calorific  value  as  that 
in  the  main  bod}^  of  coal. 

Calorific  Values  for  Unit  Coal 

As  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  Tables  26  and  27,  the  unit-coal 
values  vary  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.t.u.  per  pound  of  the  corrected 
ash,  moisture,  and  sulphur-free  substance.  The  coals  of  a  given  unit 
value  are  fairly  constant  for  a  given  geographical  area.  This  is  a  mat- 
ter of  very  considerable  industrial  importance  since  from  the  unit  coal 
factor  may  be  calculated  the  commercial  heat  value  of  the  coal  as  de- 
livered with  known  content  of  moistui^e,  ash,  and  sulphur.  It  is 
highly  important,  therefore,  that  the  unit-coal  values  be  accurately  es- 
tablished. Table  28  has  been  prepared  using  arbitrary  factors  for 
moisture,  ash,  and  sulphur.  The  calculation  to  commercial  coal,  or  coal 
as  delivered,  has  been  made  according  to  the  following  formula.^ 
Commercial  B.t.u.=''Unit"  B.t.u.X  [1.00— W— (1.08A+0.55S)  ] -f 
5000S 

in  which  W= Moisture 
A=Ash 
S= Sulphur 
A  good  agreement  will  be  found  by  comparing  the  heat  values  thus 
obtained  by  calculation  with  the  observed  values    as  indicated  by  the 
calorimeter. 

It  is  of  further  interest  in  this  connection  to  compare  the  results 
obtained  in  the  survey  conducted  by  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Sur- 
vey in  1908  and  published  in  Bulletin  No.  16  with  the  calorimetric  re- 
sults obtained  in  the  present  work.  The  comparison  between  the  two 
sets  of  unit  values  is,  therefore,  given  in  Table  24.  Upon  examination 
of  the  last  column  where  the  differences  in  unit  heat  values  are  indi- 
cated, it  is  seen  that  samples  from  Vermilion  County,  the  locality  near- 
est the  laboratory  where  the  heat  values  were  determined,  check  each 
other  very  closely.  All  other  counties  for  which  comparative  data 
were  available,  with  the  exception  of  Macoupin,  are  lower.  By  refer- 
ence to  the  working  dates  for  the  samples  from  this  county,  it  is  found 
that  the  heat  determinations  for  a  number  of  the  samples  were  made 


^Parr,    S.  W..   Purchase  and  sale  of  coal  undei-  specifications:     III.    State   Geol.    Survey 
Bull.    29,    p.    42.    1914. 


ANALYSES    OF    ILLIxKOIS    COALS 


53 


on  the  second  day  after  cutting  out  at  the  seam.  Others  were  deter- 
mined on  the  third  and  fourth  day  after  cutting  out.  These  periods 
intervening  between  cutting  out  of  the  sample  and  analysis  at  the 
laboratory  average  less  than  any  of  the  other  samples.  However,  the 
average  time  for  the  other  samples  would  not  be  over  five  days  and 
that  time  would  be  less  than  the  time  consumed  for  the  samples  of 
1908.  Moreover,  the  consistent  drop  in  values,  especially  since  it  ac- 
companies a  decrease  in  the  time  interval,  would  seem  to  indicate  some 
influence  of  the  same  order  as  that  responsible  for  the  deterioration  in 
heat  values  described  in  a  former  paper.^  In  these  previous  investiga- 
tions two  influences  were  found  to  operate ;  namely,  the  loss  of  volatile 
hydrocarbons  and  the  increase  in  weight  due  to  oxidation.  Both 
operate  in  the  same  direction  and  lower  the  indicated  heat  value. 
The  alteration  in  each  case  is  facilitated  by  fineness  of  division  and 
here  possibly  may  be  found  the  explanation.     The  first  series  of  sam- 


Table  24. — ComiKirison  of  average  unit-eoal  values  in  B.t.ii.  in  two  series  of 

samples 


Number  of 

Average 

Average 

Difference 

County 

Coal  bed 

analyses 
in  1908 

unit  coal  in 
1908  series 

unit  coal  in 
1912  series 

in  value 
referred  to 

1 

series 

(tamper  used) 

(grinder  used) 

1908  series 

Mercer 





Rock  I^laml.  .  . 

1 

3 

14375 

14546 

-  29 

La  Salle 

o 

4 

14704 

14444 

-320 

Jackson 

o 

5 

14871 

14818 

-  53 

Marshall 

o 

8 

14856 

14796 

-  60 

Fulton 

~) 

\) 

14688 

14416 

_o»)>> 

Peoria 

7> 

8 

14692 

14614 

'J' Js 

Sangamon 

•) 

17 

14502 

14415 

-  87 

Menard 

5 

4 

14584 

14478 

-  rA] 

Macon 

o 

2 

14478 

14419 

-  41 

Saline 

5 

9 

14992 

14794 

-198 

Clinton 

'•' 

5 

14378 

14290 

-  88 

Marion 

(J 

:\ 

14566 

14511 

-   ')') 

Montgomery.  .  . 

(5 

.") 

14548 

14290 

-258 

Perry 

() 

9 

14501 

14407 

-  94 

St.  Clair 

^5 

12 

14550 

14457 

-  98 

Madison 

6 

8 

14407 

14870 

-  87 

Macoupin 

(J 

8 

14802 

14849 

+47 

Vermilion 

(5 

:\ 

14542 

14575 

+38 

Franklin 

6 

7 

14(521 

14588 

-  S3 

Williamson.  .  .  . 

iS 

9 

14789 

14655 

-  84 

Vermilion 

7 

2 

14754 

14740 

-  14 

«Parr.  S.  W. 
value:  III.  State 
of    Illinois    Kii-in 


,  and  Wheeler,  W.  F.,  An  initial  coal  substance  having  a  constant  thermal 
Geol.  Survey  Bull.  8,  p.  1(36,  1907:  also.  Weathering  of  coal:  Universiti; 
tiering    KxpeVinient    Station    Bull.    88,    1909. 


54 


COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 


pies  was  prepared  for  shipment  by  breaking  down  to  about  i/2-inch  to 
i/i-inch  size.  The  latter  samples  were  put  through  a  mill  which 
ground  to  about  i/g-inch  size.  Notwithstanding  this  drop  in  values, 
it  is  to  be  noted  that  all  but  four  of  the  comparisons  check  within  a 
difference  averaging  from  50  to  75  units.  No  explanation  is  evident 
for  the  four  counties  which  show  differences  of  from  200  to  300 
units.  The  character  of  the  coal,  its  avidity  for  oxygen,  its  greater 
content  of  occluded  or  imprisoned  hydrocarbo::s  may  be  the  cause, 
but  direct  proof  is  not  at  present  available.  It  may  also  involve  the 
type  of  iron  sulphide  pre:^ent,  the  size  and  accessibility  of  such  sulphur 
'Compounds,  which  would  favor  the  formation  of  iron  sulphate  as  al- 
ready described  in  this  paper.  In  any  event  the  unit  values  for  the 
two  series  do  not  vary  on  the  average  more  than  one-half  of  1  per  cent, 
and  in  industrial  application  the  values  are  doubtless  much  more 
closely  comparable  where  the  commercial  sample  is  prepared  simi- 
larly to  the  second  series  by  grinding  to  Vs-ii^^l^  mesh. 

Table   25. — Alphahetical  arrangement   of  samples  hy   counties 


County 

Bond 

Brown 

Bureau 

Calhoun 

Christian  .  .  .  . 

Clinton 

Edgar 

Franklin.  .  .  . 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hancock .... 

Henry 

Jackson 

Jefferson.  .  .  . 

Jersey 

Knox 

La  Salle.... 
Livingston .  .  . 

Logan 

Macon 

Macoupin .  .  . 
Madison .... 

Marion 

Marshall .... 


Coal  bed       District 


County 


Coal  bed 


District 

I,  IV 
IV 

III 

VII 

VII 

IV 

VI,  VII 

I 

VII 

III 

VII 

V 

IV,  VII 

III 
III 

VII 

I 

IV 
VIII 

III 

VII 

I 
I 

VI 


() 

1,  2 

2 

1,  2 

1, 

2,  6 

6 

6 

G 

1, 

2,  5 

5,  6 

1,  2 

2 

1,  2 

1, 

2,  6 

2,  6 

6 

1,  2 

1, 

2,  5 

2 

5,  7 

9 

-'J 

5,  7 

5 

5 

6 

(5 

6 

2,  G 

VII 

III 
III 

III,  VIE 
VII 

VI  n 

vi; 

Tir,  IV 

V 

]ri 

I 

III 

\\\ 

,  VI 
VI 
J  LI 

,  iv 
I 
I 

IV 

IV 

VII 

VII 

VTI 

I 


III, 

ir 


HI 


McDonongh . 

McLean 

Menard 

Mercer 

Montgomery . 
Moultrie .... 

Peoria 

Perry 

Putnam 

Randolph.  .  . 
Rock  Island. 
St.  Clair.  ..  . 

Saline 

Sangamon .  .  , 
Schuyler.  .  .  . 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

Tazewell .  .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 

Warren 

Was-hington. 
Woodford.  .  . 

Will 

Williamson .  . 


1,  - 

2,  5 
5 

1,  2 
6 
6 
5 
6 
2 

6 

1,  2 

6 

5 

5,  G 
1, 


G, 


1,  2 
G 
9 


AXATA'SES    OF 


ILLINOIS    COALS 


Fig.  10.— 1 


Li)i.tricHs    for   dassiliration  of   coal   samples. 


56  COAL    MINING    INVESTIGATIONS 

Analytical  Tables 
analyses  of  mine  samples 

In  Table  26  are  given  analyses  from  345  coal-bed  samples  which 
were  taken  from  100  mines  in  the  State.  They  are  grouped  by  coal 
beds  and  counties  and  represent  all  of  the  producing  areas  of  the 
State.  Table  25  showing  counties  and  district  classification  is  pre- 
sented foi'  cross  reference   (fig.  10). 

For  a  given  geological  bed  the  counties  represented  are  arranged 
alphabetically  in  Table  26.  A  further  grouping  is  shown  by  use  of 
the  cooperative  numbers,  these  represent  samples  from  the  same  mine. 
Two  sets  of  values  are  given  for  each  sample — one  showing  the  nor- 
mal or  coal-bed  moisture,  and  the  other  calculated  to  the  dry-coal 
or  moisture-free  basis.  There  is  also  given  the  value  of  the  unit-coal 
in  British  thermal  units  as  derived  by  means  of  the  formula  already 
presented. 


ANALYSES    OF    ILLINOIS    COALS 


57 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output] 


Proximate  analysis  of 

coal 

(M 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 

6 

'^ 

nd 

total  moisture. 

rt 

!z; 

05 

S^ 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 

(M 

? 

p 

^ 

g* 

4J 

County 

ture  free. 

ft 

O 

*^ 

6 

P 

a 

'c 

Si 

M 

P 

Coal  No.  1 


10 
10 
10 
10 
10 


21  7/12| 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 


Christian , 
Cliristian. 
Christian 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer.  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer.  .  , 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  . 
Mercer .  .  , 


8/12  Bureau, 

8/12  liureau. 

8/12  15urcau 

8/12  liurcau. 


8/12 


10     I  8/12 

i 

8       8/12 


Bureau 


Bureau 


11.27 
Dry 

38.68 
43.59 

40.55 
45.70 

9.50 
10.71 

2.07 
2.33 

.33 
.37 

11445 

12898 

11.52 
Dry 

38.78 
43.83 

41.01 
46.35 

8.69 

9.82 

2  42 
2.73 

.97 
1.10 

11648 
13163 

11.13 
Dry 

39.21 
44.12 

41.26 
46.43 

8.40 
9.45 

2.56 

2.88 

.61 
.69 

11715 
13183 

13.23 
Dry 

40.29 
46.43 

37.20 

42.88 

9.28 
10.69 

4.37 
5.04 

.41 
.47 

11104 
12797 

15.24 
Dry 

37.66 
44.44 

35.73 
42.15 

11.37 
13.41 

4.80 
5.66 

1.47 
1.73 

10353 
12214 

15.15 
Dry 

39.06 
44.44 

38.48 
42.15 

7.31 
14.41 

3.30 
5.66 

.17 
1.73 

11252 
12214 

14.97 
Dry 

38.27 
46.03 

37.07 
45.36 

9.69 
8.61 

3.75 
3.89 

.33 
.19 

9637 
13260 

14.46 
Dry 

40.42 
44.99 

35.33 
43.61 

9.79 
11.40 

4.23 
4.95 

.69 
.43 

10780 
12749 

14.07 
Dry 

39.95 
47.24 

34.01 
41.32 

11.97 
11.44 

4.55 
4.94 

.78 
.59 

10525 
12603 

14.58 
Dry 

39.49 
46.49 

36.82 
39.59 

9.11 
13.92 

5.60 
5.29 

.15 
.91 

10894 
12247 

15  07 
Dry 

38.14 
46.23 

37.44 
43.09 

9.35 
10.68 

4.85 
6.56 

.34 

.18 

10790 
12754 

14  10 
Dry 

39.60 
44.91 

36.73 
44.01 

9.57 
11.02 

3.92 
5.71 

.23 

.38 

10956 
12705 

17.75 
Dry 

39.50 
48.03 

34.61 

42.08 

8,14 
9.89 

5.53 
6.72 

.86 
1.05 

10435 
12687 

17,50 
Dry 

38.78 
47.00 

33.66 

40.80 

10.06 
12.20 

4.51 
5.46 

.29 
.35 

10238 
12409 

Coal  No.    2 


16.6.1 
Drv 


15,08 
Drv 


16.83 
Dry 


36.66 
43.99 


40.12 
47.25 


36.54 
43.93 


14.88  38.69 

Dry    1 45.45 


38.07 


17.43 
Dry 

16.07 
Dry 

15.19 
Drv 

46.10 


39.68 

47.28 


39.67 

46.78 


38.58 
46.29 

8.11 
9.72 

3.40 
4.07 

.67 

.80 

10740 
12884 

36.35 
42.80 

8.45 
9.95 

3.68 
4.33 

.91 
1.07 

10831 
12754 

39.19 
47.12 

7.44 
8.95 

2.64 
3.17 

.89 
1.07 

10788 
12970 

37.25 
43.76 

9.08 
10.79 

3.83 
4.50 

1.07 
1.25 

10685 
12553 

39.44 
47.76 

5.06 
6.14 

2.68 
3.25 

.52 
.63 

11070 
13407 

38.36 
45.71 

5.89 
7.01 

2.96 
3.53 

.57 
.63 

11216 
13363 

38.69 
45  60 

6.45 
7.62 

2.20 
2.62 

.99 
1.17 

11206 
13213 

58 


COAL    MIXING    IXVESTIGATIONS 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


^ 

05 

o 

s 

o 

cS 

Q 

0 

Coimty 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 
total  moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"'  or  mois- 
ture free. 


05 


>H 

S 

0 

% 

8 

w 

M 

5-349 

8 

8/12 

5350 

8 

8/12 

5205 

21 

7/12 

5206 

21 

7/12 

5207 

21 

7/12 

5367 

6 

8/12 

5368 

6 

8/12 

5369 

6 

8/12 

5373 

5 

8/12 

5374 

5 

8/12 

5377 

5 

8/12 

5375 

7 

8/12 

5376 

7 

8/12 

5378 

7 

8/12 

5225 

14 

7/12 

5226 

14 

7/12 

5228 

14 

7/12 

5248 

13 

7/12 

5249 

13 

7/12 

5250 

13 

7/12 

5351 

12 

7/12 

5252 

12 

7/12 

Bureau.  . 
Bureau  .  . 
Christian. 
Christian. 
Christian . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy . . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Grundy. . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 
Jackson .  . 


17.34  37.12 
Drv    !  44.90 


16.9 
Dry 


12.07 
Dry 


12.53 
Dry 


14.30 
Dry 


19.97 
Dry 


18.9, 
Dry 


19.66 
Drv 


17.29 
Dry 


38.66 
46.56 


39.36 
44.77 


38.00 
44.12 


39.54 
46.14 


38.16 
47.68 


37.01 
46.06 


38.61 
46.68 


13.73  39.87 
Dry      46.22 


17.01 
Dry 


16.84 
Dry 


15.81 
Dry 


16.23 
Drv 


Dry 

8.77 
Dry 

9.18 
Dry 

9.88 
Dry 

10  91 
Dry 


39.48 
47.57 


38.37 
46.13 


39.28 
45.48 


38.71 
46.22 


35.09 
38.02 


32.78 
35.93 


34.70 
38.20 


33.23 
36.87 


33.51 
37.61 


9.76,33.45 
Dry     37.06 


9.51  33.13 
Dry     36.62 


9.37133.39 
Dry    136.48 


39.28 
47.52 


34.83 
41.95 


41.91 
47.66 


40.62 
46.44 


40.30 
47.02 


37.45 
46.79 


38.23 
47.16 


38.16 

47.50 


36.69 
44.36 


42.19 

48.90 


36.74 
44.27 


41.19 
49.53 


39.77 
47.24 


40.61 

48.47 


48.56 
52.62 


50.58 
55.44 


51.58 
56.80 


52.43 

58.18 


51.20 
57.47 


52.07 
57.71 


52.12 
57.59 


49.29 

54.38 


6.26 

7.58 


9.54 
11.49 


6.66 
7.57 


8.25 
9.44 


5.86 
6.84 


4.42 
5.53 


5.22 
6.45 


5.17 
6.44 


7.41 
8.96 


4.21 

4.88 


3.60 
4.34 


6.13 

7.28 


4.45 
5.31 


8.63 
9.36 


7.87 
8.63 


4.54 

5.00 


4.46 
4.95 


4.38 
4.92 


4.72 
5.23 


5.24 
5.79 


2.25 
2.71 


3.74 
4.26 


3.67 
4.22 


2.00 
2.33 


1.82 
2.27 


2.46 
3.04 


2.03 
2.53 


2.87 
3.47 


2.04 
2.37 


3.32 
4.00 


1.74 
2.09 


2.30 
2.73 


2.47 
2.94 


2.01 
2.18 


2.00 
2.19 


1.14 

1.28 


1.08 
1.20 


2.11 

2.32 


.49 
.59 

11006  1 
13314 

2.29 
2.91 

10397 
12522 

.07 
.09 

' 11776 
13393 

.31 
.35 

11389 
13020 

.24 

.28 

11609 
13544 

.65 
.79 

10936 
13664 

.64 
.79 

10787 
13309 

.83 
1.03 

10734 
13360 

1.44 
1.74 

10708 
12947 

1.47 
1.71 

11787 
13662 

1.05 
1.27 

10834 
13055 

.04 
.05 

11508 
13838 

.24 

.28 

11212 
13318 

.82 
.38 

11461 
13683 

.29 
.31 

12248 
13272 

.02 
.03 

12253 
13430 

.05 
.06 

12752 
14040 

.33 
.36 

12709 
14103 

.20 
.23 

12503 
14034 

.51 
.56 

12629 
13996 

.94 
1.03 

12500 
13814 

.94 
1.03 

11972 

13208 

ANALYSES    OF   ILLINOIS    COALS 


59 


Table  26, — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  outimt) 

— Continued. 


d 

(M 

^ 

cs 

P. 
o 

OJ 

6 

^ 

o 

p 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 
total  moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


^ 

m 

6 

ffi 

5253 

12 

7/12 

5496 

16 

8/12 

5497 

16 

8/12 

5498 

16 

8/12 

5286 

15 

8/12 

5287 

15 

8/12 

5288 

15 

8/12 

5388 

' 

8/12 

5389 

2 

8/12 

5390 

8/12 

5357 

4 

.... 

5356 

4 

5358 

4 

5412 

11 

8/12 

5413 

11 

8/12 

5414 

11 

8/12 

5232 

22 

7/12 

5233 

22 

7/12 

5234 

22 

7/12 

5426 

100 

8/12 

5427 

100 

8/12 

5428 

100 

8/12 

Jackson .  .  . 
Jackson .  .  . 
Jackson.  .  . 
Jackson .  .  . 
Jackson.  .  . 
Jackson .  .  . 
Jackson .  .  . 
La  Salle .  .  . 
La  Salle.  .  . 
La  Salle.  .  . 
Marshall.  .  . 
Marshall.  .  . 
Marshall .  .  . 
Marshall.  .  . 
Marshall .  .  . 
Marshall.  .  . 
McDonoush 
McDonouji'h 
McDonontih 
McLean  .  .  . 
McLean  .  .  . 
McLean.  .  . 


2 

9.99 
Dry 

32.51 
36.12 

2 

9.25 
Dry 

34.67 
38.20 

- 

9.56 
Dry 

34.52 
38.16 

- 

9.20 
Dry 

34.48 
37.97 

2 

8.32 
Dry 

35.28 
38.49 

2 

8.86 
Dry 

35.00 
38.40 

2 

8.91 
Dry 

34.03 
37.36 

2 

1422 
Dry 

39.49 
46.03 

2 

15.16 
Dry 

40.13 
47.32 

2 

14.43 
Dry 

40.01 
46.75 

2 

16.46 
Dry 

38.48 
46.06 

2 

16.79 
Dry 

36.81 
44.23 

2 

17.54 
Dry 

37.42 
45.37 

2 

12.92 
Dry 

41.69 

47.87 

2 

13.10 
Dry 

38.73 
44.56 

2 

13.82 
Dry 

41.34 
47.97 

2 

19.35 
Dry 

31.70 
39.35 

2 

16.46 
Dry 

33.94 
40.63 

2 

16.39 
Dry 

34.26 
40.97 

2 

10.13 
Dry 

45.00 
50.07 

2 

11.34 
Dry 

40.05 
45.17 

2 

10.61 
Dry 

41.87 
46.84 

51.88 
57.63 


50.53 
55.68 


50.47 
55.83 


50.54 
55.66 


51.10 
55.74 


49.74 
i4.57 


.3.17 

i8.37 


36.94 
43.06 


38. IC 

44. 8i- 


41.94 


38.27 
45.80 


40.34 

48.49 


40.11 
48.63 


37.60 
43.19 


39.64 
45.61 


35.88 
41.64 


40.61 
)0.40 


42.46 
50.83 


41.36 
49.47 


35.92 
39.97 


39.18 
44.1 


35.94 
40.21 


5.02 
6.25 

.b2 
.69 

.20 
.22 

13673 

5.55 
6.12 

1.41 
1.56 

.13 
.14 

12528 
13804 

5.45 
6.01 

1.32 
1.46 

.27 
.30 

12483 
13781 

5.78 
6.37 

1.44 
1.59 

.19 
.21 

12481 
13746 

5.30 

5.77 

1.39 
1.53 

.19 
.21 

12671 
13822 

6.40 
7.03 

1.69 
1.85 

.07 
.08 

12436 
13645 

3.89 
4.27 

1.15 
1.26 

.07 
.08 

12844 
14101 

9.35 
10.91 

4.46 
5.20 

.80 
.93 

10887 
12691 

6.61 

7.80 

2.99 
3.51 

.64 

.70 

11147 
13138 

9.67 
11.31 

4.47 
5.23 

1.03 
1.21 

10678 
12476 

6.79 

8.14 

2.91 
3.48 

.28 
.34 

11162 
13360 

6.06 

7.28 

2.59 
3.11 

.41 
.49 

11130 
13375 

4.93 
6.00 

2.19 
2.56 

.42 
.50 

11273 
13669 

7.78 
8.94 

2.38 
2.73 

.64 
.73 

11597 
13319 

8.53 
9.83 

3.47 
3.99 

.65 

.75 

11414 
13134 

8.96 
10.39 

3.28 
3.81 

.50 
.59 

11296 
13106 

8.34 
.0.35 

2.31 

2.87 

.37 
.46 

10392 
12898 

7.14 

8.54 

1.71 

2.04 

.11 
.14 

11064 
13246 

7.99 
9.56 

2.04 
2.44 

.33 

.40 

10977 
13130 

8.95 
9.96 

3.27 
3.59 

.74 

.82 

11710 
13029 

9.43 
10.64 

3.18 
3.58 

.90 
1.01 

11394 
12851 

11.58 
12.95 

3.79 
4.24 

.92 
1.03 

11225 
12557 

60 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS- 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


County 


5429 

100 

8/12 

5430 

100 

8/12 

5433 

100 

8/12 

5283 

31 

5284 

31 

5285 

31 

5296 

31 

5298 

31 

5341 

31 

5293 

29 

5297 

29 

5300 

29 

5292 


28 


5295 

28 

5299 

28 

5342 

32 

5343 

32 

5344 

32 

5345 

30 

5346 

30 

5347 

30 

8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 


I     ^ 


McLean 
McLean 
McLean 

P'ulton. 
Fulton . 
Fulton . 
Fulton . 
Fulton . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton . 
P'ulton  . 
Fulton . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 
Fulton 
Fulton  . 
Fulton  . 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "'As  reed,"  with 
total  moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


- 

12.31 
Dry 

42.17 
48.09 

38.03 
43.37 

7.49 

8.54 

2.69 
3.07 

.94 
1.07 

11636 
13270 

2 

12.00 
Dry 

42.00 
47.73 

37.96 
43.14 

8.04 
9.13 

2.37 
2.70 

1.23 

1.40 

11634 
13220 

2 

11.27 
Dry 

42.17 
47.53 

39.27 
44.25 

7.29 
8.22 

2.91 
3.28 

1.12 
1.26 

11784 
13279 

Coal  No. 


5 

15.ie 
Dry 

37.17 
43.82 

35.17 
41.45 

12.48 
14.73 

3.45 

4.07 

1.70 
2.00 

5 

16.94 
Dry 

35.68 
42.95 

37.15 
44.73 

10.23 
12.32 

2.98 
3.59 

1.31 
1.57 

5 

18.42 
Dry 

34.98 

42.88 

37. 6e 
46.15 

8.94 
10.97 

2.33 

2.85 

.86 
1.06 

5 

16.82 
Dry 

37.28 
44.81 

33.45 
40.23 

12.45 
14.96 

2.84 
3.42 

1.69 

2.02 

5 

16.52 
Dry 

37.17 
44.52 

86.54 
43.78 

9.77 
11.70 

3.91 
4.69 

.81 
.97 

5 

17.37 
Dry 

35.71 
43.22 

37.86 

45.82 

9.06 
10.96 

2.34 
2.83 

1.14 
1.38 

5 

17.13 
Dry 

36.23 
43.72 

34.44 
41.55 

12.20 
14.73 

3.03 
3.66 

1.79 
2.16 

5 

16.59 
Dry 

35.98 
43.14 

37.20 
44  61 

10.23 
12.25 

4.07 

4.88 

1.77 
2.12 

5 

15.41 
Dry 

35.67 
42.16 

39.04 
46.15 

9.88 
11.69 

3.31 
3.92 

.52 
.61 

5 

17.39 
Dry 

37.00 
44.79 

35.69 
43.20 

9.92 
12.01 

2.74 
3.28 

1.14 
1.36 

5 

16.33 
Dry 

36.27 
43.34 

36.58 
43.72 

10.82 
12.94 

3.40 
4.06 

1.94 
2.32 

5 

16.33 
Dry 

36.75 
43.92 

38.02 
45.44 

8.90 
10.64 

2.59 
3.10 

1.02 
1.22 

5 

13.66 
Dry 

38.46 
44.54 

37.06 
42.92 

10.82 
12.54 

3.64 
4.22 

1.26 
1.46 

5 

14  53 
Dry 

37.46 
43.83 

38.35 

44.87 

9.66 
11.30 

3.18 
3.72 

1.60 

1.87 

5 

15.80  35.84 
Dry  42.56 

37.67 
44.74 

10.69 
12.70 

3.00 
3.57 

1.79 
2.12 

5 

16.36  33.91 
Dry   40.54 

38.19 
45.66 

11.54 
13.80 

2.93 
3.50 

1.27 
1.51 

5 

16.33  35.50 

Dry  42.42 

37.01 
44.23 

11.16 
13.35 

2.89 
3.45 

1.84 
2.20 

5 

15.85 
Dry 

36.12 
42.92 

38.12 
45.30 

9.91 
11.78 

3.36 

4.00 

1.47 
1.75 

10201 
12026 


10314 
12418 


10270 
12587 


10580 
12038 


10^^,94 
12451 


10420 
12610 


9846 
11882 


10271 
12314 


10579 
12505 


10273 
12435 


10246 
12247 


10604 
12674 


10689 
12379 


10804 
12641 


10460 
12423 


10186 
12179 


10220 
12213 


10494 
12471 


14722 
14759 
14684 


144' 


14409 
14398 
14252 
14354 
14443 


14421 


14520 
14431 
14389 
14386 


ANALYSES    OF   ILLINOIS   COALS 


61 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


C-] 

;^ 

C5 

T-l 

o 

« 

i? 

O 

0 

County 


Proximate    analysis   oi 
[  coal 

I    1st:     "As   reed,"    with 
]  total   moisture. 

2ncl:   "Dry"   or  mois- 
ture free. 


fc  =* 


p 

"H. 

O 

_^ 

XJl 

« 

5025 

47 

6/12 

5029 

47 

6/12 

5032 

47 

6/12 

5492 

a 

S/12 

5493 

a 

8/12 

5512 

a 

8/12 

5521 

a 

8/12  j 

5522 

a 

8/12 

5523 

a 

8/12 

5530 

a 

8/12 

5391 

c 

8/12 

5392 

(' 

8/12 

1 

5393 

c 

8/12 

5263 

33 

8/12 

1 

5264 

33 

8/12 

r.2<).-, 

33 

8/12 

5200 

42 

7/12 

5201 

42 

7/12 

5202 

42 

7/12 

5244 

41 

7/12 

Gallatin  . 
Gallatin  . 
Gallatin. 
Gallatin. 
Gallatin  . 
Gallatin. 
Gallatin  . 
(iallatiii. 
(Jallatin. 
Gallatin. 
La  Salle. 
LaSallo. 
La  Salle . 
Losan . . . 
Tjosan  .  .  . 
Loi;an  .  .  . 
Macon.  . 
Macon  .  . 
Ma 00 11.  . 
Maoon  .  .  , 


5 

5.37 
Dry 

5 

5. .57 
Dry 

5 

6.21 
Dry 

5 

4.20 
Dry 

5 

4.07 
Dry 

5 

3.68 
Dry 

5 

3.94 
Dry 

h 

7.15 
Dry 

b 

4.73 
Dry 

h 

4.03- 
Dry 

5 

15.52 
Dry 

5 

14.13 
Dry 

.5 

14.64 
Dry 

5 

14.64 
Dry 

•'' 

13.98 
Dry 

•'' 

13.99 
Dry 

5 

13.52 
Dry 

•' 

13.62 
Dry 

5 

14.36 
Dry 

5 

14.76 
Dry 

36.54 
38.62 


35.49 
37.59 


35.29 
37.61 


34.41 
35.92 


33.99 
35.43 


37.82 
39.26 


38.13 
39.70 


34.34 
36.99 


33.91 
35.59 


33.71 
35.13 


41.56 
49.18 


39.42 
45.90 


43.01 
50.38 


37.87 
44.36 


36.86 

42.84 


36.85 
42.85 


36.72 
42.46 


37.72 
43.68 


38.06 

43.88 


35.46 
41.60 


45.10 


48.53 
51.39 


46.49 
49.57 


52.63 
54.92 


52.96 
55.21 


48.18 
50.02 


45.95 

47.82 


53.32 
57.42 


48.65 
52.12 


il.84 
i4.01 


32.57 


12.99 


10.41 
11.02 


12.02 
12.82 


8.76 
9.16 


.98 


10.32 
10.72 


11.98 
12.48 


5.19 
5.59 


11.71 
12.29 


10.41 
10.86 


10.35 


38.55  12.27 


35.96 
41.89 


34.25 
40.12 


35.56 
41.66 


37.98 
44.16 


38.17 
44.37 


39.66 
45.86 


10.49 
12.21 


8.10 
9.50 


11.93 
13.98 


11.18 
13.00 


10.99 

12.78 


10. IQ 
11.68 


40.34     8.32 
46.70     9.62 


39.35 
45.37 


38.08 
44.67 


9.33 
10.75 


11.70 
13.73 


3.99 
4.22 

1.38 
1.45 

11883 
12558 

3.12 
3.31 

.78 
.83 

12338 
13066 

3.30 
3.52 

.87 
.93 

11938 
12728 

2.85 
2.97 

.01 
.01 

12997 
13566 

3.61 
3.76 

.03 
.03 

12975 
13526 

4.55 
4.73 

.04 
.04 

12818 
13307 

3.53 
3.67 

.03 
.03 

12449 
12958 

.84 
.90 

.03 
.03 

13035 
14038 

4.78 
5.02 

.04 
.04 

12429 
13045 

4.19 
4.37 

.02 
.02 

12783 
13319 

4.08 
4.83 

.27 
.34 

10425 
12400 

3.22 
3.75 

.96 
1.12 

10636 
12387 

2.83 
3.32 

.56 
.66 

10961 
12841 

3.60 
4.22 

1.10 
1.28 

10400 
12183 

3.14 
3.65 

1.43 
1.67 

10549 
12264 

326 
3.79 

1.32 
1.53 

10519 
12230 

4.23 
4.95 

.09 
.11 

10646 
12443 

3.39 
3.93 

.00 
00 

11046 

12V88 

3.87 
4.46 

.19 

.22 

10963 
12638 

3.24 
3.81 

.90 
1.06 

10390 
12189 

«From   country  banks  not  in  the  original  list  of   100  mines. 
•^From  the   "Ice   House"    coal   of   Kentucky   reports. 
Trom   a   mine    not   in    the   original    list   of    100. 


62 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  26, — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


(N 

^. 

05 

T-( 

ft 

o 

3 

o 

O 

Q 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"'  with 
total  moisture. 

2nd.:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


>6 


5245 

41 

5346 

41 

5190 

34 

5191 

34 

5192 

34 

5431 

100 

5432 

100 

5434 

100 

5303 

26 

5304 

26 

5305 

26 

4985 

43 

4986 

43 

4987 

43 

4989 

43 

4990 

43 

4992 

43 

4991 

44 

4993 

44 

4994 

44 

4997 

45 

4999 

45 

7/12 
7/12 


Macon  , 
Macon . 


8/12 i  Menard. 


7/12 


Menard, 


7/12    Menard. 


8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 
6/12 


McLean , 
McLean. 
McLean  . 
Peoria  .  . 
Peoria  .  . 
Peoria  .  . 
Saline  . 
Saline.  . 
Saline.  . 
Saline.  . 
Saline.  . 
Saline.  . 
Saline.  . 


6/12     Saline. 


6/12 
6/12 
6/12 


Saline. 
Saline. 
Saline. 


14.54 
Dry 


14.14 
Dry 


16.29 
Dry 


15.44 
Dry 


20.27 
Dry 


12.88 
Dry 


13.34 
Dry 


13.7c 
Dry 


16.00 
Dry 


14.23 
Dry 


14.76 
Dry 


6.34 
Dry 


6.40 
Drv 


8.8i 
Drv 


6.80 
Drv 


6.02 
Dry 


7.39 
Drv 


Dry 

I    6.71 
'  Dry 

6.90 
Dry 

6.71 
Dry 


.45 


36.33 
42.51 


36.21 
42.18 


36.66 
43.80 


36.38 
43.03 


34.58 
43.37 


38.84 
44.58 


38.39 
44.30 


36.79 
42.64 


36.06 
42.93 


37.41 
43.62 


35.95 

42.18 


37.72 

40.27 


37.11 
39.65 


32.53 
35.65 


35.06 
37.61 


38.23 
40.68 


35.38 
38.20 


35.85 
38.34 


35.68 
38.24 


34.42 
36.97 


35.59 
38.14 


34.18 
36.94 


38.01 
44.47 


38.07 
44.34 


38.73 
46.26 


39.71 
46.96 


37.43 
46.94 


35.80 
41.09 


36.72 
42.37 


36.14 
41.89 


37.54 
44.69 


37.36 
43.56 


35.34 
41.46 


48.20 
51.46 


49.59 
52.97 


51.52 
56.57 


50.39 
54.07 


47.53 
50.58 


50.73 
54.78 


50.46 
53.97 


49.64 
53.21 


48.55 
52.16 


49.98 
53.59 


49.88 
53.90 


11.12 
13.01 


11.58 
13.48 


8.32 
9.94 


8.47 
10.01 


12.48 
14.33 


11.55 
13.33 


13.34 
15.47 


10.40 
12.38 


11.00 

12.82 


13.95 
16.36 


7.74 
8.27 


6.90 

7.38 


7.10 

7.78 


7.75 
8.32 


7.20 
7.69 


7.97 
8.55 


10.13 
10.87 


7.72 
8.27 


8.49 
9.16 


3.47 
4.06 


3.24 
3.77 


3.65 
4.36 


3.34 
3.95 


3.31 
4.16 


3.60 
4.14 


3.59 
4.14 


3.99 
4.62 


2.90 
3.46 


3.14 
3.66 


3.19 
3.74 


2.03 
2.16 


2.27 
2.43 


.92 
1.00 


2.30 
2.46 


2.67 

2.84 


2.15 
2.32 


2.82 
3.02 


2.69 

2.88 


2.16 
2.32 


2.38 
2.55 


2.78 
3.01 


.68 
.79 

10465 
12244 

1.12 
1.31 

10493 
12210 

.5^ 
.71 

10747 
12838 

.26 
.31 

10841 
12820 

.63 
.79 

9919 
12441 

1.17 
1.35 

10601 
12168 

1.31 
1.51 

10743 
12397 

1.19 
1.30 

10399 
12054 

1.27 
1.51 

10515 
12518 

2.17 
2.53 

10573 
12327 

2.00 
2.34 

10173 
11935 

.61 
.65 

12620 
13474 

.40 
.43 

12678 
13546 

.66 
.72 

12321 
13502 

.03 
.03 

12514 
13428 

.45 

.48 

12538 
13341 

.01 
.01 

12642 
13650 

.01 
.01 

12634 
13511 

.00 
.00 

12482 
13379 

.03 
.03 

12088 
12984 

.14 
.16 

12092 
13332 

.01 
.01 

12336 
13329 

ANALYSES    OF  ILLINOIS   COALS 


63 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


d 

(N 

12; 

O 

I— 1 

? 

5 

o 

O 

ft 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  -with 
total   moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


>a 


u 

p 

o 

0 

'^, 

+i 

m 

pq 

45 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

6.94 
Dry 

34.56 
37.14 

50.93 
54.72 

48 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.57 
Dry 

34.36 
37.18 

48.30 
52.25 

48 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.45 
Dry 

33.71 
36.42 

51.27 
55.40 

48 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.9? 
Dry 

33.63 
36.55 

51.20 
55.65 

49 

1 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

5.19 
Dry 

38.37 
40.47 

45.92 
48.43 

49 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

5.52 
Dry 

36.89 
39.04 

45.89 

48.58 

49 

6/12 

Saline 

- 

4.90 
Dry 

38.93 
40.94 

45.90 
48.26 

46 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

8.08 
Dry 

35.26 
38.35 

48.25 
52.50 

46 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.70 
Dry 

35.48 
38.44 

48.66 
52.72 

46 

6/12 

Saline 

8.25 
Dry 

34.98 
38.12 

47.73 
52.03 

46 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.72 
Dry 

34.09 
36.94 

49.22 
53.34 

46 

6/12 

Saline    

. 

8.14 
Dry 

3i.60 
37.66 

48.10 
52.36 

46 

6/12 

Saline 

5 

7.85 
Dry 

33.72 
36.59 

49.30 
53.50 

36 

7/12 

Sangamon  .  .  .  . 

.') 

16.05 
Dry 

35.82 
42.66 

37.14 
44.25 

36 

7/12 

Santjanioii  .  .  .  . 

•> 

15.53 
Dry 

36.36 
43  04 

38.05 
45.05 

36 

7/12 

Sansanioi)  .  .  .  . 

5 

14.45 
Dry 

37.46 
43.79 

38.27 
44.73 

37 

7/12 

Sanijanion  .  .  .  . 

5 

14.08 
Dry 

37.38 
43.51 

37.56 
43.71 

3  7 

7/12 

SanRanion  .  .  .  . 

5 

13.86 
Dry 

37.11 

43.08 

39.05 
45.34 

39 

7/12 

Sangamon  .  .  .  . 

5 

13.38 
Dry 

37.20 
42.95 

36.40 
42.03' 

39 

7/12 

SanKamon ... 

5 

13. 3r 
Dry 

36.64 
42.27 

37.12 

42.85 

39 

7/12 

Sangamon  .  .  . 

5 

13.19 
Dry 

38.44 

44.28 

36.47 

42.00 

40 

7/12 

Sangamon  .  .  . 

5 

14.82 
Drv 

37.18 
43.65 

38.22 

44.87 

9.77 
10.57 


7.57 

8.18 


7.18 
7.80 


10.52 
11.10 


11.70 
12.38 


10.27 
10.80 


8.41 
9.15 


8.16 

8.84 


9.04 
9.85 


8.97 
9.72 


9.16 
9.98 


9.13 
9.91 


10.99 
13.09 


10.06 
11.91 


9.82 
11.48 


10.98 

12.78 


11.58 
13.01 


12.89 

14.88 


11.90 
13.72 


9.78 
11.48 


2.30 
2.46 


2.42 
2.62 


2.63 

2.84 


2.61 

2.84 


4.06 

4.28 


4.97 
5.26 


4.77 
5.01 


2.60 
2.83 


2.52 
2.74 


2.40 
2.61 


3.31 
3.58 


2.42 
2.64 


3.48 

3.78 


3.. 55 
4.22 


3.86 
4.57 


3.59 
4.19 


3.97 
5.17 


2.57 
4.07 


4.78 
5.52 


4.80 
5.53 


4.61 
5.31 


4.30 
4.52 


.16     12485 
.18     13415 


1.75 
1.89 


.38 
.41 


.32 
.36 


.23 
.25 


.25 
.26 


.80 


.38 
.49 


.52 
.61 


1.10 


.84 
.97 


1.05 
1.20 


11956 
12934 


12400 
13398 


12346 
13419 


12260 
12932 


11962 
12662 


.47     12355 
.49     12991 


12192 
13263 


12304 
13331 


11964 

13040 


12050 
13057 


11989 
13051 


11971 
12990 


10330 
12306 


10522 
12457 


10704 
12512 


9471 
12337 


10726 
12451 


10338 
11934 


10348 
11942 


10513 
12110 


1068f 
1254] 


64 


COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  {not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


518S 

40 

5189 

40 

5196 

38 

5197 

38 

5198 

38 

5199 

38 

5289 

25 

5290 

25 

5291 

25 

5277 

27 

5278 

27 

5281 

27 

7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 
8/12 
8/12 
7/12 
7/12 
8/12 


County 


Sangamon .  .  . 

Sivn<?ainon  .  .  . 
San2,ainon  .  .  . 
Sangamon .  .  . 
Sangamon .  .  . 
Sangamon.  .  . 
Sangamon .  .  . 
Sangamon  .  .  . 
Sangamon .  .  . 
Tazewell .... 
Tazewell.  .  .  . 
Tazewell 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 
total   moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


u 

3 

CI 

a 

O 

^ 

o 

cc 

M 

5 

16  05 
Dry 

35.58 
42.38 

5 

14.31 
Dry 

37.31 
43.54 

5 

14.25 
Dry 

37.25 
43.44 

5 

14.10 
Dry 

38.74 
45.09 

5 

14.44 
Dry 

38.22 
44.67 

5 

14.08 
Dry 

38.05 
44.28 

5 

14.23 
Dry 

36.65 
42.73 

5 

14  54 
Dry 

37.41 
43.77 

5 

16.00 
Dry 

36.46 
43.41 

5 

14.71 
Dry 

37.46 
44.06 

5 

13.88 
Dry 

37.58 
43.64 

5 

15  56 
Drv 

37.60 
44.53 

45.32 


38.20 
44.58 


37.07 


12.30 


10.18 
11.88 


11.43 


43.2413.32 


37.66 
43.85 


35.30 
41.09 


37.04 
43.18 


37.32 
43.67 


37.28 
44.38 


38.57 
44.03 


40.01 
46.45 


36.70 
43.46 


9.50 
11.06 


9.66 
11.29 


12.57 
14.63 


12.08 
14.09 


10.73 
12.56 


10.26 
12.21 


10.26 
11.91 


8.53 
9.91 


10.14 
12.01 


4.18 
4.98 

.17 
.20 

10413 
12404 

4.21 
4.91 

.90 
1.05 

10655 
12434 

4.76 
5.55 

.98 
1.15 

10414 
12147 

3.86 
4.50 

.75 
.87 

10790 
12564 

3.79 
4.43 

.63 
.73 

10746 
12549 

5.87 
6.83 

.60 
.69 

10228 
11903 

3.39 
3.96 

1.55 
1.81 

10483 
12220 

3.27 
3.82 

1.18 
1.38 

10705 
12526 

3.65 
4.35 

.90 
1.07 

10583 
12598 

3.51 

4.07 

1.15 
1.33 

10801 
12516 

2.55 
2.96 

.95 
1.10 

11076 
12860 

3.23 
3.83 

1.50 
1.78 

10552 
12496 

14381 
14415 
14435 
14366 
14553 
3  4625 
14664 
14500 
14499 
14488 


5052 

85 

8/12 

5053 

85 

7/12 

5054 

85 

7/12 

5073 

84 

7/12 

5074 

84 

7/12 

47.S5 

53 

4/12 

4786 

53 

4/12 

4787 

53 

4/12 

4789 

53 

4/12 

4791 

58 

4/12 

Clinton ]     6 

Clinton i     R 

Clinton 6 

Clinton 6 

I 

Clinton 6 

} 
Franklin '     6 

I 

Franklin.  ...        6 
Franklin  .  . 
Franklin .  .  . 
Franklin .  .  . 


Coal  No.  6 


12.60^36.78  I -iO. 48  10.14 
11.61 


Dry     42.07   46.32 
12.15  37.74 


12  43 
Dry 


13  32 
Drv 


12.40 
Drv 


37.23 
41.28 


37.4c 
43.16 


37.94 
43.32 


10.57  33  37 
Dry      37.30 


10  00  32.80 
Dry      36.45 


10  15  32.88 


10.00 
Dry 


8.70 
Dry 


36.59 


32.08 
35.65 


34.62 
3  7.92 


46.1; 


9.59 
10.91 


1.93  10.41 
11.88 


10.23 
11.80 


10.62 
12.12 


12.97 
14.51 


6.27 
6.96 


6.41 
7.14 


6.98 
7.75 


7.76 
8.49 


46.84 

39.02 
45.02 

39.04 
44.56 

43  09 
48.19 

50.92 
56.59 

50.56 
56.27 

50.93 
56.60 

48.92 
53.59 

2.88 
3.29 

.77 
.88 

10827 
12388 

3.51 
3.99 

.29 
.33 

10949 
12464 

4.19 
4.79 

.38 
.44 

10730 
12253 

4.06 
4.68 

.69 

.80 

10726 
12374 

4.24 

4.84 

.58 
.69 

10796 
12323 

.83 
.93 

4.38 
4.89 

10714 
11980 

.66 
.73 

.33 
.36 

12001 
13334 

.59 
.65 

.22 
.25 

12000 
13356 

.47 
.52 

.17 
.20 

11935 
13261 

.62 
.68 

.31 
.34 

11945 
13084 

14256 


14336 
14380 
14236 
14453 
i4494 
14492 
14426 


ANALYSES    OF    ILLINOIS    COALS 


65 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


6 

05 

o 

OJ 

o 

CS 

u 

Pi 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 
total   moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


It 


5 

5 

& 

o 

■ 

Q 

w 

M 

58 

4/12  1 

58 

4/12 

52 

4/12 

52 

4/12 

52 

4/12 

51 

6/12 

51 

6/12 

51 

6/12 

56 

7/12 

50 

7/12 

56 

7/12 

50 

7/12 

50 

7/12 

50 

7/12 

57 

8/12 

57 

8/12 

57 

8/12 

d 

8/12 

55 

4/12 

55 

4/12 

55 

4/12 

Franklin. 
Franklin. 
Franklin, 
Franklin. 
Franklin. 
Franklin. 
Franklin. 
Franklin , 
Franklin . 
Franklin  . 
Franklin  . 
Franklin. 
Franklin . 
Franklin 
Franklin 
Franklin  . 
Franklin 
Gallatin . 
Jackson . 
Jackson . 
Jackson . 


.04  34.46 


Dry 


9.05 
Dry 


Dry 

7.34 
Dry 

6.00 
Dry 

10.63 
Dry 

9.83 
Dry 

10.39 
Dry 

6.43 
Dry 

10.15 
Dry 

7.71 
Dry 


Dry 

9.00 
Dry 

9.36 
Dry 

9.83 
Dry 

9.44 
Dry 

9.75 
Dry 


37. J 


34.45 

37.88 


38.42 
41.29 


38.11 
41.13 


38.55 
41.01 


33.23 
37.18 


33.91 
37.62 


33.13 
36.97 


37.62 
40.20 


35.55 
39.56 


35.75 
38.74 


34.55 
38.24 


35.10 
38.58 


34.86 
38.46 


31.82 
35.28 


32.57 
35.97 


32.33 
35.83 


10.82i33.83 
Dry    ,37.94 


10.88 
Dry 


7.17 
Dry 


8.82 
Dry 


31.71 
35.57 


36.36 
39.18 


35.30 
38.72 


48.73 
53.59 


48.75 
53.59 


44.16 
47.47 


44.23 
47.73 


45.46 
48.36 


48.79 
54.59 


49.14 

54.48 


49.23 
54.93 


44.77 
47.85 


45.82 
51.01 


45.38 
49.17 


47.85 
52.97 


47.35 
53.03 


48.90 
53.96 


49.78 
55.22 


50.09 
55.31 


48.77 
54.03 


42.43 
47.57 


48.90 
54.88 


45.25 

48.74 


44.96 
49.30 


7.77 
8.53 


7.75 
8.53 


10.46 
11.24 


10.32 
11.14 


9.99 
10.63 


7.35 
8.23 


7.12 
7.90 


7.25 
8.10 


11.18 
11.95 


8.48 
9.43 


11.16 
12.09 


7.95 
8.79 


8.55 
9.39 


6.88 
7.58 


8.57 
9.50 


7.90 

8.72 


9.15 

10.14 


12.92 
14.49 


8.51 
9.55 


11.22 

12.08 


10.92 
11.98 


.91 
1.00 


2.98 
3.21 


3.26 
3.51 


3.16 
3.36 


1.40 
1.19 


1.13 
1.25 


1.37 
1.53 


2.64 

2.82 


1.41 

1.57 


3.50 
3.79 


1.04 
1.15 


1.08 
1.19 


1.01 
1.12 


1.39 
1.54 


4.93 
5.53 


.65 
.73 


3.92 
4.22 


3.46 
3.79 


.23 
.25 

11946 
13133 

.37 
.41 

11923 
13108 

.92 
.99 

11848 
12733 

1.41 
1.53 

11771 
12703 

1.20 
1.28 

11998 
12776 

.38 
.43 

11800 
13207 

.18 
.20 

11942 
13245 

.06 
.06 

11920 
13303 

.64 
.68 

11834 
12646 

.80 
.89 

11691 
13011 

.89 
.96 

11644 
12616 

.31 
.34 

11916 
13190 

.40 
.44 

11973 
13159 

.43 

.48 

12122 
13373 

.35 
.39 

11702 
12977 

29 
.32 

11914 
13156 

.32 
.35 

11652 
12911 

.42 

.47 

11263 
11609 

.30 
.34 

11594 
13009 

.43 

.47 

11678 
12581 

.50 
.54 

11547 
12663 

14490 
14472 
14568 

iisei 

14534 
14534 
14522 
14629 


14539 


14613 


14684 


14490 


14547 


15193 


14531 


14617 


••From  country  bank  not  included  in  list  of  100  mines. 


66 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


1 

§■ 

01 

6 

ca 

O 

Q 

County 


Proximate  analysis  of 
coal 

1st:  "As  reed,"  with 
total   moisture. 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


u 

:^ 

3 

o 

^ 

C' 

m 

w 

5086 

66 

7/12 

5087 

66 

7/12 

5088 

66 

7/12 

5097 

69 

7/12 

5098 

69 

7/12 

5099 

69 

7/12 

5100 

67 

7/12 

5101 

67 

7/12 

5102 

67 

7/12 

5112 

68 

7/12 

5113 

68 

7/12 

5114 

68 

7/12 

5067 

72 

7/12 

5068 

72 

7/12 

5069 

72 

7/12 

5070 

71 

7/12 

5071 

71 

7/12 

5072 

71 

7/12 

5075 

73 

7/12 

5076 

73 

7/12 

5078 

73 

7/12 

5515 

70 

8/12 

Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Macoupin 
Madison . 
Madison . 
Madison . 
Madison. 
Madison. 
Madison. 
Madison. 
Madison . 
Madison . 
Madi.son  . 


4.29 
Dry 

39.09 
45.60 

13.77 
Dry 

38.69 
44.86 

14.73 
Dry 

38.33 
44.95 

14.73 
Dry 

36.26 
42.53 

13.68 
Dry 

38.02 
44.05 

14.19 
Dry 

37.92 
44.19 

15.12 
Dry 

38.28 
45.09 

14.90 
Dry 

37.75 
44.35 

14.67 
Dry 

35.49 
41.59 

12.11 
Dry 

40.32 

45.88 

13.27 
Dry 

38.58 

44.48 

13.23 
Dry 

38.85 

44.77 

13.08 
Dry 

38.03 
43.75 

13.53 
Dry 

37.26 
43.84 

14.86 
Dry 

37.32 
43.84 

12.99 
Dry 

37.73 
43.36 

12.14 
Dry 

41.13 

46.82 

12.42 
Dry 

39.82 
45.46 

14.65 
Dry 

39.08 
45.80 

14.31 
Dry 

38.35 
44.75 

15.18 
Dry 

38.40 
45.27 

13.88 
Dry 

37.60 
43.65 

37.21 
43.42 


36.74 
42.62 


37.24 
43.69 


36.11 
42.34 


37.72 
43.70 


37.03 
43.15 


36  55 
43.06 


38.43 
45.16 


38.83 
45.50 


39.14 
44.52 


38.15 
43.99 


38.91 

44.84 


37.07 
42.65 


40.98 
45.53 


38.76 
45.53 


36.89 

42.40 


38.00 
43.24 


37.65 
43.00 


38.03 
44.55 


38.32 
44.72 


38.30 
45.16 


37.74 
43.82 


9.41 
10.98 


10.80 
12.52 


9.70 
11.36 


12.90 
15.13 


10.58 
12.25 


10.86 
12.66 


10.05 
11.85 


8.92 
10.49 


11.01 
12.91 


8.43 
9.60 


10.00 
11.53 


9.01 
10.39 


11.82 
13.60 


8.23 
10.63 


9.06 
10.63 


12.39 
14.24 


8.73 
9.94 


10.11 
11.54 


8.24 
9.65 


9.02 
10.53 


8.12 
9.57 


10.78 
12.53 


4.13 

4.82 

.32 
.37 

10635 

12408 

4.37 
5.07 

.62 
.71 

10493 
12169 

4.50 

5.28 

.30 
.35 

10522 
12339 

4.62 
5.42 

.28 
.33 

10099 
11843 

4.43 
5.12 

.21 
.25 

10618 
12300 

4.21 
4.91 

.39 
.45 

10599 
12351 

3.85 
4.54 

.31 
.37 

10610 
12501 

3.67 
4.31 

.45 
.53 

10735 
12614 

4.15 
4.86 

.22 
.26 

10433 
12227 

4.39 
5.00 

.38 
.43 

11170 
12705 

4.89 
5.64 

.27 
.31 

10790 
12442 

4.39 
5.06 

.28 
.32 

10935 
12601 

5.22 
6.01 

.25 

.28 

10543 
12129 

3.81 
4.37 

.30 
.23 

10903 
12587 

3.73 
4.37 

.20 
.23 

10717 

12587 

4.43 
5.09 

.72 
.82 

10499 
12066 

3.52 
4.00 

.41 

.47 

11206 
12759 

4.35 
4.96 

.72 
.80 

10909 
12456 

3.59 
4.20 

.29 
.34 

10865 
12730 

3.77 
4.40 

.31 
.37 

10739 
12532 

3.94 
4.64 

.23 
.27 

10751 
12673 

4.21 

4.89 

.53 
.61 

10551 
12250 

ANALYSES    OF   ILLINOIS   COALS 


67 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


1 

o 
6 
O 

(N 

rH 

a, 

iH 

County 

1 

] 

t 

o 

Proximate   analysis   of 
coal 

1st:     "As  reed,"    with 

total   moisture. 
2nd:   "Dry"   or  mois- 
ture free. 

0" 

Id 

8 

« 

y^ 

"to 

1 

S  u 

•43  O" 

11 

II 

< 

d 

5517 

70 

8/12 

Madison 

6 

12.44 
Dry 

39.10 
44.65 

38.20 
43.64 

10.26 
11.71 

5.23 
6.03 

.64 
.73 

10818 
12354 

14343 

5518 

70 

8/12 

Madison 

6 

12.11 
Dry 

39.32 
44.74 

36.27 
41.26 

12.30 
14.00 

4.92 
5.60 

.47 
.53 

10615 
12076 

14421 

5030 

86 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

12.45 
Dry 

37.22 
42.03 

39.81 
44.96 

11.52 
13.01 

3.62 
4.09 

.67 
.76 

10874 
12281 

14426 

5033 

86 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

10.24 
Dry 

39.06 
43.51 

39.79 
44.33 

10.91 
12.16 

4.18 
4.65 

.30 
.34 

11180 
12456 

14499 

5035 

86 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

10.69 
Dry 

38.76 
43.41 

39.01 
43.66 

11.54 
12.93 

3.98 
4.47 

.51 
.57 

10963 
12275 

14418 

5039 

87 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

10.06 
Dry 

37.96 
42.21 

41.09 
45.69 

10.89 
12.10 

8.92 
4.35 

.59 
.66 

11289 
12555 

14589 

5041 

87 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

10.35 
Dry 

36.04 
40.20 

42.81 
47.75 

10.80 
12.05 

4.10 
4.57 

.25 

.28 

11227 
12522 

14551 

5044 

87 

6/12 

Marion 

6 

10.96 
Dry 

36.54 
41.04 

40.68 
45.69 

11.82 
13.27 

4.00 
4.52 

.43 

.48 

11002 
12364 

14.583 

5105 

76 

7/12 

Montgomery.  . 

6 

14.15 
Dry 

36.96 

43.05 

38.19 

44.48 

10.70 
12.47 

3.43 
4.00 

.91 
1.06 

10547 

12285 

14329 

5106 

76 

7/12 

Montgomery.  . 

« 

13.83 
Dry 

36.95 

42.88 

39.22 
45.51 

10.00 
11.61 

3.72 
4.32 

.91 

1.05 

10728 
12455 

14382 

5107 

76 

7/12 

Montgomery.  . 

6 

13.70 
Dry 

37.25 
43.17 

37.93 
43.94 

11.12 
12.89 

4.39 
5.08 

1.04 
1.20 

10444 
12102 

14225 

5516 

77 

8/12 

Montgomery.  . 

6 

14.00 
Dry 

36.88 

42.88 

40.02 
46.54 

9.10 
10.58 

3.84 
4.47 

.48 
.57 

10761 
12511 

14268 

5254 

e 

8/12 

Moultrie 

6 

7.07 
Dry 

39.02 
41.09 

43.01 
46.28 

10.90 
11.73 

3.69 
3.97 

.36 
.39 

11912 
12819 

14736 

5255 

e 

8/12 

Moultrie 

6 

7.18 
Dry 

38.09 
41.03 

41.38 
44.59 

13.35 
14.38 

5.18 
5.58 

.46 
.49 

11573 
12468 

14973 

5256 

e 

8/12 

Moultrie 

6 

6.24 
Dry 

40.34 
43.03 

42.55 
45.38 

10.87 
11.59 

3.18 
3.39 

.89 
.95 

12149 
12957 

14937 

4756 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

10.32 
Dry 

34.03 
37.94 

46.19 
51.51 

9.46 
10.55 

1.07 
1.18 

.24 
.26 

11395 

12705 

14380 

4759 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

10.41 
Dry 

33  43 
37.32 

47.12 
52.59 

9.04 
10.09 

.88 
.98 

.23 
.25 

11486 
12822 

14367 

4760 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

10.22 
Dry 

33.32 
37.11 

46.75 

52.07 

9.71 
10.82 

1.04 
1.15 

.23 
.25 

11270 
12553 

14383 

4764 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

9.98 
Dry 

33.71 
37.45 

44.91 

49. 8P 

11.40 
12.67 

.84 
.93 

.33 
.37 

11205 
12447 

l'44'.5'2 

4766 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

9.64 
Dry 

33.49 
37.06 

45.60 
50.47 

11.27 
12.47 

.82 
.90 

.35 
.39 

11230 

12428 

14394 

4768 

54 

3/12 

Perry 

6 

10. or 

Dry 

33.24 
36.94 

45.8.^ 
50.9^ 

10.86 
12.08 

.93 

1.04 

.63 

.70 

11257 
12513 

14424 

•From  a  mine  not  included  in  the  list  of   100. 


68 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


1 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  i^not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


6 

J2i 

6 

d 

o 

6 

! 

County " 

o 

Proximate   analysis   of 
coal 

1st:     "As   reed,"    with 

total   moisture. 
2nd:   "Dry"   or  mois- 
ture free. 

B 

! 

! 

o 

p 

03 

O 

h4 

3 

"5 

2u  \ 

II 

II 

< 

c 

5034 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

10.60 
Dry 

37.03 
41.42 

42.32 
47.35 

10.05 
11.23 

3.73 
4.17 

.62 

.70 

11175 
12500 

14365 

5037 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

11.20 
Dry 

37.29 

42.00 

40.57 
45.69 

10.94 
12.31 

3.20 
3.60 

.34 
.39 

10911 

12287 

14288 

5038 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

10.60 
Dry 

35.99 
40.25 

43.05 
48.16 

10.36 
11.59 

4.18 
4.67 

.47 
.53 

11012 
12317 

14228 

5040 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

11.60 
Dry 

37.03 
41.89 

42.17 
47.71 

9.20 
.10.40 

3.84 
4.34 

.38 
.43 

11107 
12570 

14301 

5042 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

10.82 
Dry 

37.83 
42.42 

41.52 
46.56 

9.83 
11.02 

2.98 
3.34 

.76 

.85 

11210 
12570 

14380 

5043 

90 

6/12 

Perry 

6 

10.89 
Dry 

36.81 
41.29 

41.23 
46.27 

11.07 
12.44 

3.71 
4.16 

.55 
.52 

10826 
12277 

14319 

5048 

88 

7/12 

Perry 

6 

9.37 
Dry 

36.87 
40.68 

41.05 
45.29 

12.71 
14.02 

4.62 
4.83 

:1? 

10936 
12067 

14395 

5049 

88 

7/12 

Perry 

6 

9.34 
Dry 

37.97 

41.88 

41.32 

45.58 

11.37 
12.54 

3.16 

3.48 

1.42 
1.56 

11099 
12243 

14276 

5050 

88 

7/12 

Perry 

6 

10.11 
Dry 

36.44 
40.54 

41.45 
40.12 

12.00 
13.34 

3.59 
3.99 

.75 
.81 

10915 
12141 



14321 

5514 

89 

8/12 

Perry 

6 

12.4[- 
Dry 

35.55 
40.59 

42.86 
48.94 

9.16 
10.47 

4.80 
5.48 

.21 
.25 

11063 
12632 

14422 

5519 

89 

8/12 

Perry 

6 

12. 7e 
Dry 

35.18 
41.79 

44.32 
49.34 

7.74 
8.87 

1.66 
1.90 

.15 
.17 

11357 
13018 

14458 

5520 

89 

8/12 

Perry 

6 

12.17 
Dry 

36.42 
41.46 

42.41 

48.28 

9.00 
10.26 

1.96 
2.23 

.46 
.52 

11200 
12753 

14414 

5045 

83 

8/12 

Randolph .  .  .  . 

6 

11.38 
Dry 

36.94 
41.68 

40.25 
45.41 

11.43 
12.91 

4.16 
4.69 

.72 
.81 

10823 
12212 

14348 

5046 

83 

8/12 

Randolph.  .  . 

6 

10.62 
Dry 

38.10 
42.63 

39.12 
43.77 

12.16 
13.60 

4.45 
4.98 

.42 
.47 

10849 
12137 

14400 

5047 

83 

8/12 

Randolph.  .  .  . 

6 

11.39 
Dry 

36.80 
41.53 

41.04 
46.32 

10.77 
12.15 

4.11 
4.63 

.60 
.67 

10895 
12294 

14306 

5115 

75 

8/12 

Sangamon.  .  . 

6 

14.97 
Dry 

36.90 
43.39 

38.36 
45.12 

9.77 
11.49 

3.53 
4.16 

.59 
.67 

10598 
12466 

14361 

5116 

75 

8/12 

Sangamon.  .  . 

6 

14.51 
Dry 

37.60 
43.98 

39.69 
46.43 

8.20 
9.59 

3.44 

4.02 

.22 
.25 

10911 
12763 

14373 

5117 

75 

8/12 

Sangamon .  .  . 

6 

12.98 
Dry 

38.23 
43.94 

38.92 
44.72 

9.87 
11.34 

4.32 
4.96 

.56 
.65 

10845 
12463 

14368 

5130 

74 

7/12 

Sangamon.  .  . 

6 

15.22 
Diy 

38.23 
45.09 

37.36 
44.07 

9.19 
10.84 

4.38 
5.17 

.38 
.45 

10579 
12478 

14301 

5131 

74 

7/12 

Sangamon.  .  . 

6 

13.10 
Dry 

38.86 
44.72 

37.25 
42.86 

10.79 
12.42 

5.08 
5.86 

.41 

.47 

10592 

14268 

5132 

74 

7/12 

Sangamon.  .  . 

6 

14.43 
Dry 

38.14 

44.58 

37.07 
43.32 

10.36 
12.10 

4.77 
5.58 

.40 
.47 

10495 
12265 

14292 

5056 

79 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.69 
Dry 

40.16 
44.97 

37.87 
42.39 

11.28 
12.64 

4.55 
5.10 

.58 
.65 

11063 
12387 

14,522 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


69 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  (not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


6 

d 

a 

OS 
o 

County 

Proximate   analysis   of 
coal 

1st:     "As   reed,"    with 
total   moisture. 

2nd:   "Dry"   or  mois- 
ture free. 

3 
"ft 

'5 

Xfl 

O 

1 

3 
to 

1 

< 

a 

5058 

79 

7/12 

St.  Clair.  ..  . 

6 

12.12 
Dry 

38.61 
43.93 

40.61 
46.22 

8.66 
9.85 

3.10 
3.52 

.35 
,39 

11217 
12764 

14399 

5059 

79 

7/12 

Si   Clair 

6 

11.12 
Dry 

40.54 
45.61 

38.27 
43.06 

10.07 
11.33 

4.18 
4.70 

.32 
.36 

11145 
12540 

14483 

5055 

78 

7/12 

St.  Clair.  .  .  . 

6 

13.06 
Dry 

38.21 
43.95 

37.36 
42.96 

11.37 
13.09 

3.21 
3.70 

1.17 
1.35 

10741 
12354 

14515 

5060 

78 

7/12 

St.  Clair.  .  .  . 

6 

11.44 
Dry 

38.73 
43.73 

38.11 
43.04 

11.72 
13.23 

4.26 

4.81 

.56 
.64 

10841 
12242 

14447 

5061 

78 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.75 
Dry 

39.19 
43.91 

38.88 
43.56 

11.18 
12.53 

3.41 
3.82 

.67 
.75 

11041 
12371 

14438 

5077 

81 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

11.35 
Dry 

39.68 
44.75 

38.59 
43.54 

10.38 
11.71 

4.05 
4.57 

.58 
.65 

11036 
12449 

14404 

5079 

81 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.85 
Dry 

40.75 
45.71 

38.36 
43.03 

10.04 
11.26 

4.09 

4.58 

.58 
.65 

11192 
12554 

14445 

5080 

81 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

11.50 
Dry 

40.68 
45.96 

37.91 

42.84 

9.91 
11.20 

3.96 

4.47. 

.46 
.52 

10908 
12597 

i4482 

5108 

82 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.99 
Dry 

38.96 
43.77 

58.79 
43.59 

11.26 
12.64 

4.36 
4.90 

.36 

.40 

11047 
12411 

14544 

5109 

82 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

13.42 
Dry 

39.23 
45.31 

36.92 
42.65 

10.43 
12.04 

4.92 
5.69 

.26 
.31 

10753 
12419 

i4474 

5110 

82 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

11.40 
Dry 

40.96 
46.23 

36.89 
41.63 

10.75 
12.14 

4.10 
4.63 

.57 
.63 

11052 
12472 

14511 

5524 

80 

7/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.11 
Dry 

39.72 
44.19 

38.87 
43.24 

11.30 
12.57 

3.69 
4.10 

.78 
.86 

11051 
12294 

14361 

5525 

80 

8/12 

St.  Clair.  .  .  . 

6 

9.83 
Dry 

39.84 
44.19 

37.97 
42.11 

12.36 
13.70 

4.02 
4.45 

.87 
.96 

10958 
12152 

14415 

5526 

80 

8/12 

St.  Clair 

6 

10.19 
Dry 

38.44 
42.79 

40.41 

45.00 

10.96 
12.21 

3.95 
4.49 

.68 

.78 

11127 

12388 

14418 

4670 

93 

2/12 

A'(Minilion  .  .  . 

6 

13.68 
Dry 

36.28 
42.03 

41.37 
47.92 

8.67 
10.05 

2.78 
3.23 

.45 
.52 

11101 
12861 

14537 

4671 

93 

2/12 

Vermilion.  .  . 

6 

15.50 
Dry 

33.32 
39.43 

43.11 
51.03 

8.07 
9.54 

1.86 
2.20 

.46 
.62 

10976 
12989 

14558 

4674 

93 

2/12 

Vermilion  .  .  . 

6 

15.69 
Dry 

34.52 
40.95 

42.22 
50.07 

7.57 
8.98 

1.56 

1.85 

.53 
.63 

11019 
13085 

14553 

4676 

93 

2/12 

Vermilion  .  .  . 

6 

14.56 
Dry 

35.04 
41.01 

41.82 
48.95 

8.58 
10.04 

2.09 
2.45 

.74 
.86 

11006 

12881 

14527 

4678 

93 

2/12 

Vermilion  .  .  . 

6 

16.06 
Dry 

34.67 
41.32 

40.75 
48.53 

8.52 
10.15 

1.79 
2.14 

.90 
1.07 

10810 
12879 

14537 

4679 

93 

2/12 

Vermilion  .  .  . 

6 

15.95 
Dry 

34.66 
41.23 

42.06 
50.05 

7.33 

8.72 

1.41 
1.68 

.39 
.46 

11041 
13136 

14557 

4702 

92 

3/12 

Vermilion.  .  . 

6 

15.53 
Dry 

33.60 
39.78 

39.46 
46.70 

11.41 
13.52 

2.32 
2.75 

98 
1.15 

10404 
12317 

14520 

4703 

92 

3/12 

Vermilion.  .  . 

6 

15.70 
T)vv 

32.38 
38  81 

39.80 

47.72 

11.36 

13  47 

2.57 
3  04 

1.06 
1.26 

10392 
12328 

14535 

70 


COAL  MIXING    INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  {not  exactly  indicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Continued. 


^ 

(M 

iH 

& 

s 

6 

es 

O 

Q 

County 


Proximate   analysis   of 
coal 

1st:     "As   reed,"    with 

total   moisture. 
2nd:     'Dry"  or  mois- 
ture free. 


>  2 


I- 

3 

;i 

"c. 

O 

o 

m 

tt 

4704 

92 

3/12| 

4706 

95 

3/12 

4707 

95 

3/12 

4740 

91 

6/12 

4741 

91 

6/12 

4742 

91 

6/12 

4743 

91 

6/12 

4744 

91 

6/12 

4745 

91 

6/12 

4746 

91 

6/12 

4998 

65 

6/12 

5004 

65 

6/12 

5005 

65 

6/12 

4996 

60 

6/12 

5000 

60 

6/12 

5006 

60 

6/12 

5121 

61 

6/12 

5133 

61 

7/12 

5134 

61 

7/12 

5122 

59 

7/12 

5123 

59 

7/12 

5124 

59 

7/12 

Vermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 
A^ermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion  .  .  . 
Vermilion  .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  . 
Vermilion .  .  , 
Williamson . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson. 

Williamson . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson . 

Williamson  . 

Williamson. 


15.27 
Dry 


11.87 
Dry 


13.14 
Dry 


13.58 
Dry 


13.63 
Dry 


14.50 
Dry 


14.20 
Dry 


13.99 
Drv 


14.7! 
Dry 


15.14 
Dry 


9.35 
Dry 


9.9e 
Dry 


8.58 
Dry 


8.32 
Dry 


7.5£ 
Dry 


8.81 
Dry 


9.44 
Dry 


8.9i 
Dry 


9.38 
Dry 


9.79 
Dry 


10.6' 
Drv 


10.96 
Drv 


33.98 
40.10 


40.37 
45.80 


38.81 
44.69 


35.20 
40.73 


34.56 
40.01 


35.98 
42.09 


35.79 
41.71 


35.26 
40.99 


34.44 
40.42 


33.70 
39.72 


32.83 
36.21 


33.79 
37.53 


33.95 
37.14 


34.61 
37.75 


34.90 
37.74 


32.13 
35.62 


33.63 
37.13 


34.22 
37.62 


33.62 
37.10 


33.28 
36.89 


32.54 
36.42 


33.14 
37  24 


40.88     9.87 
48.24  11.66 


39.52 
44.86 


38.11 
43.87 


39.83 
46.09 


41.19 
47.69 


40.49 
47.35 


42.05 
49.01 


42.68 
49.63 


42.69 
50.10 


40.19 
47.34 


50.07 
55.24 


48.56 
53. 9e 


48.31 


8.24 
9.34 


9.94 
11.441 


11.39 
13.18 


10.62 
12.30 


9.03 
10.56 


7.96 

9.28 


8.07 
9.38 


8.08 


10.97 
12.94 


7.75 
8.55 


7 
8.51 


52.841  10.02 


47.56 
51.88 


47.37 
51.23 


51.85 
56.38 


49.58 
54.75 


49.51 
54.39 


50.01 
55.18 


48.66 
53.94| 


47.32 
52.97 


45.86 
51  49 


9.51 
10.37 


10.20 
11.03 


7.21 

8.00 


7.35 
8.12 


7.28 
7.99 


8.27 
9.17 


9.47 
10.61 


10.04 
11  27 


2.26 
2.66 


3.07 
3.48 


4.18 

4.82 


3.1' 


2.91 
3.36 

2.43  I 
2.83 

1.83 
2.13 

1.67 
1.94 

1.72 
2.02 

2.50 
2.95 

1.05 
1.16 

.99 
1.10 

3.10 
3.39 

2.25 
2.46 

3.23 
3.49 

1.00 
1.11 

1.28 
1.42 

1.70 
1.87 

1.12 

1,24 

1.32 
1.46 

1.53 
1.71 

1.72 
1  93 


.81 


1.02 


.98 
1.14 


.98 
1.15 


.19 
.21 


.04 
.04 


10718 
12649 


11416 
12953 


10949 
12604 


10821 
12521 


10954 
12683 


11090 
12971 


11295 
13165 


11271 
13104 


11053 
12971 


10663 
12565 


12017 
13256 


11899 
13218 


11845 
12956 


1197 
13066 


11799 
12760 


11962 
13264 


12092 
13354 


12149 
13349 


12138 
13394 


11891 
13181 


11619 
13006 


11383 

197P4 


ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


71 


Table  26. — Analyses  of  mine  samples  {not  exactly  i)idicative  of  commercial  output) 

— Concluded. 


Proximate  analysis  of 

coal 

CI 

1st:  "As  reed,"  witli 

o 

o 

12; 

Tj 

total  moisture. 

I. 

^ 

o 

Z 

2nd:  "Dry"  or  mois- 

« 

x5 

d 

County 

^ 

ture  free. 

c 

a 

6 

£ 

0 

n 

CO 

W 

o 

11 

^s 

< 

62 
62 
62 
64 
64 
64 
63 
63 
5182  i     63 


7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 
7/12 


Williams.on  . 
Williamson. 
Williamson . 
Williamson . 
Williamson . 
Williamson  . 
Williamson . 
Williamson  . 
Williamson  . 


9.97 
Dry 

32.20 
35.76 

49.62 
55.12 

8.21 
9.12 

1.47 
1.63 

.22 
.25 

11814 
13123 

8.37 
Dry 

34.19 
37.31 

50.18 
54.77 

7.26 
7.92 

1.03 
1.12 

.18 
.20 

12254 
13374 

9.06 
Dry 

32.93 
36.20 

49.98 
54.97 

8.03 
8.83 

1  03 
1.13 

24 

.27 

12010 
13207 

11.51 
Dry 

30.75 
34.76 

49.74 
56.20 

8.00 
9.04 

.84 
.90 

.32 
.36 

11554 
13057 

9.13 
Dry 

32.03 
35.25 

51.06 
56.20 

7.77 
8.55 

1.10 
1.21 

.33 
.36 

12044 
13254 

7.38 
Dry 

35.59 
38.42 

47.56 
51.35 

9.47 
10.23 

.86 
.93 

.51 

.55 

12017 
12974 

10.38 
Dry 

32.76 
36.56 

48.10 
53.67 

8.76 
9.77 

1.50 
1.67 

.16 

.18 

11735 
13072 

8.78 
Dry 

34.25 
37.54 

47.56 
52.14 

9.41 
10.32 

2.49 
2.73 

.53 

.58 

11885 
13029 

9.26 
Dry 

33.36 
36.76 

48.70 
53.68 

8.68 
9.56 

1.83 
2.01 

.39 
.43 

11955 
13176 

Coal  No.  7 


99 

8/12 

99 

8/12 

99 

8/12 

94 

3/12 

94 

3/12 

94 

3/12 

94 

3/12 

94 

3/12 

94 

3/12 

97 

3/12 

97 

3/12 

97 

3/12 

La  Salle.  . 
La  Salle.  . 
La  Salle.  . 
Vermilion. 
Vermilion  . 
Vermil'on  . 
Vermilion  . 
Vermilion  . 
Vermilion  . 
Vermilion  . 
Vermilion  . 
Vermilion 


7 

13.82 
Dry 

41.42 
48.06 

7 

12  87 
Dry 

42.40 
48.67 

7 

13.99 
Dry 

38.81 
45.12 

7 

12.20 
Dry 

39.53 
45.03 

12.70 
Dry 

39.20 
44.90 

12.76 
Dry 

38.84 
44.53 

12.67 
Dry 

39.01 
44.67 

13.53 
Dry 

37.39 
43.24 

13.27 
Dry 

37.25 
42.95 

12.92 
Dry 

30.98 
42.46 

13.10 
Dry 

38.42 
44.22 

13,41 
Dry 

37.33 
43.11 

35.90 
41.67 


37.35 
42.86 


40.12 
46.65 


38.38 
43.70 


8.86 
10.27 


7.88 

8.47 


7.08 
8.23 


9.89 
11.27 


39.241    8.86 
44.95  10.15 


38.31 
43.91 


37.43 
42.86 


39.57 
45.76 


40.65 

46.87 


38.94 
44.73 


39.14 
45.03 


38.87 
44  89 


10.09 
11.56 


10.89 
12.47 


9.51 
11.00 


8.83 
10.18 


11.16 
12.81 


9.34 
10.75 


10.39 
12.00 


3.95 

4.58 

.51 
.59 

11174 
12966 

3.86 
4.44 

.00 
.00 

11468 
13161 

3.23 
3.76 

.00 
.00 

11401 
13255 

3.76 
4.29 

.46 
.52 

11243 

12804 

2.79 
3.19 

.52 
.59 

11399 

13057 

3.91 

4.48 

.61 

.70 

11106 

12788 

3.54 

4.06 

.84 
.96 

11041 
12644 

3.20 
3.70 

.46 
.54 

11045 
12773 

3.27 
3.77 

.38 
.44 

11209 
12925 

2.90 
3.33 

.70 
.80 

10924 
12544 

2.26 
2.59 

.56 
.64 

11281 
12981 

2.54 
2.93 

.46 
.53 

11065 

12778 

72 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATJOXS 


AVERAGE  ANALYSIS  BY  MINES  AND  BY  COUNTIES 

In  Table  27,  the  average  of  all  the  values  for  each  mine  is  given 
and  these  values  for  each  county  are  assembled  for  more  convenient 
reference.  Further,  since  as  a  rule,  the  variations  for  ''unit"  values 
in  a  county  are  slight,  the  average  for  the  county  is  calculated  from  the 
several  mine  averages.  These  values  are  therefore  accurate  for  the 
various  counties  named,  though,  of  course,  the  range  of  variation  for 
each  mine  would  be  less  than  for  the  county  as  a  whole. 

Table  27, — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. 

DISTRICT   NO.    1.— BUREAU   CO.,    COAL    NO.    2,    LONGWALL    MINING 


Co-op. 
No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
caibon 

Ash 

Sulph  ur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

''Unit 
coal" 

1 

16.19 
Dry 

37.79 
45.06 

38.06 
45.40 

8.00 
9.54 

3.24 
3.86 

.82 
.98 

10787 
12869 

14476 

8 

16.50 
Dry 

38.48 
46.08 

37.59 
45.02 

7.43 
8.90 

2.40 
2.90 

1.16 
1.39 

10868 
13016 

14493 

10 

16.13 
Dry 

38.82 
46.28 

38.36 
45.74 

6.69 

7.98 

3.15 

3.76 

.70 

.84 

10994 
13108 

14463 

Aver- 
age 

16.27 
Dry 

38.35 
45.80 

38.00 
45.39 

7.38 

8.81 

2.93 
3.50 

.89 
1.40 

10883 
12997 

14477 

DISTRICT   NO.    1.— GRUNDY   CO.,    COAL   NO.    2,    LONGWALL   MINING 


5 

16.01 
Dry 

39.32 
46.83 

38.51 
45.84 

6.16 
7.33 

2.75 
3.28 

1.32 
1.57 

11104 
13221 

14463 

6 

19.53 
Dry 

37.59 
46.71 

37.94 
47.15 

4.94 
6.14 

2.01 
2.61 

.70 

.87 

10818 
13444 

14447 

7 

16.29 
Dry 

38.46 
45.94 

40.53 

48.42 

4.72 
5.64 

2.17 
2.59 

.48 
.57 

11394 
13613 

14579 

Aver- 
age 

17.28 
Dry 

38.48 
46.49 

39.02 
47.14 

5.27 
6.37 

2.33 

2.82 

.83 
1.00 

11113 
13426 

14496 

DISTRICT  NO.   1.— LA  SALLE   CO.,   COAL  NO.   2,    LONGWALL   MINING 


2 

14.60 
Dry 

39.88 
46.70 

36.97 
43.29 

8.55 
10.01 

3.97 
4.65 

.81 
.95 

10904 
12768 

14475 

3 

15.05 
Dry 

39.76 
46.80 

37.00 
43.56 

8.19 
9.64 

3.30 

3.88 

.59 
.69 

10899 
12830 

14454 

9 

17.45 
Dry 

38.98 
47.22 

34.52 
41.82 

9.04 
10.95 

3.18 
3.85 

1.49 
1.81 

10391 

12587 

14403 

Aver- 
age 

15.70 
Dry 

39.54 
46.91 

36.17 

42.89 

8.59 
10.20 

3.48 
4.12 

.96 
1.15 

10731 

12728 

14444 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


73 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  cotmties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  KO.  1.— MARSHALL  CO.,  COAL  NO.   2,  LONGWALL  MINING 


Co-op. 

No. 


Moisture 


Volatile       Fixed 
matter      carbon 


Ash    I  Sulphur 


CO2 


^   .        \"  Unit 
^•^•"-     coal- 


4 

16.93 
Dry 

37.57 
45.22 

39.57 
47.64 

5.93 
7.14 

2.53 
3.05 

.37 
.44 

11188 
13468 

14696 

11 

13.28 
Dry 

40.58 
46.80 

37.71 
43.48 

8.43 
9.72 

3.04 
3.51 

.60 
.69 

11435 
13186 

14896 

Aver- 
age 

15.10 
Dry 

39.06 
46.01 

38.68 
45.56 

7.16 
8.43 

2.79 
3.28 

.48 
.56 

11315 
13327 

14796 

DISTRICT  NO. 


2.— JACKSON  CO.,  COAL  NO. 


2,  room-and-pillar  mining 


12 

9.62 

33.02 

51.09 

6.27 

1.13 

.69 

12260 

14705 

Dry 

36.53 

56.53 

6.94 

1.25 

.76 

13565 

13 

10.18 

33.40 

51.90 

4.52 

.97 

.29 

12614 

14888 

Dry 

37.18 

57.79 

5.03 

1.08 

.32 

14044 

14 

8.56 

34.18 

50.25 

7.01 

1.54 

.09 

12418 

14864 

Dry 

37.39 

54.95 

7.66 

1.68 

.10 

13581 

15 

8.70 

34.77 

51.34 

5.19 

1.42 

.09 

12651 

14815 

Dry 

38.08 

56.23 

5.69 

1.55 

.12 

1385<) 

16 

9.34 

34.55 

50.52 

5.59 

1.40 

.2(1 

12490 

14820 

Dry 

38.11 

55.72 

6.17 

1.54 

.29 

13777 

Aver- 

9.28 

33.98 

51.02 

5.72 

1.29 

.29 

12488 

14818 

age 

Dry 

37.46 

56.24 

().30 

1.42 

.32 

13765 

DISTRICT  NO.   3. — CHRISTIAN   CO..   COAL  NO.   1,    ROOM-AXD-PILLAR   MINING 


21 

11.31 

38.89 

40.94 

8.86 

2.35 

.43 

11602 

14717 

Dry 

43.85 

46.16 

9.99 

2.65 

.48 

13081 

DIS 

rRICT  NO 

3.— MERCER  CO.,    C 

OAL   NO. 

1,  ROOM- 

\ND-PIL 

[.AR   MINING 

17 

17.63 

39.13 

34.13 

9.11 

5.02 

.70 

10336 

14373 

Dry 

47.51 

41.44 

11.05 

(5.09 

.85 

12548 

18 

14.58 

39.07 

37.00 

9.35 

4.79 

.21 

10880 

14640 

Dry 

45.74 

43.31 

10.95 

5.61 

.25 

12737 

19 

14.52 

39.26 

36.32 

9.90 

4.24 

.68 

10809 

14624 

Dry 

45.93 

42.49 

11.58 

4.96 

.80 

12645 

Aver- 

15.58 

39.17 

35.80 

9.45 

4.69 

.53 

10673 

14546 

age 

Dry 

46.40 

42.41 

11.19 

5.55 

.63 

12643 

74 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.   4.— FULTON   CO.,   COAL  NO.   5,   CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 


Co-op. 

No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

''Unit 
coal" 

28 

16.68 

36.68 

36.76 

9.88 

2.90 

1.36 

10375 

14403 

Dry 

44.02 

44.12 

11.86 

3.48 

1.63 

12452 

29 

16.38 

35.96 

36.88 

10.78 

3.47 

1.02 

10230 

14349 

Dry 

43.01 

44.10 

12.89 

4.15 

1.22 

12234 

30 

16.18 

35.17 

37.77 

10.88 

3.06 

1.53 

10296 

14402 

Dry 

41.96 

45.06 

12.98 

3.65 

1.82 

12284 

31 

16.88 

36.32 

36.32 

10.48 

2.98 

1.25 

10269 

14424 

Dry 

43.70 

43.70 

12.61 

3.58 

1.50 

12355 

32 

14.66 

37.24 

37.71 

10.39 

3.28 

1.54 

10651 

14502 

Dry 

43.64 

44.18 

12.18 

3.84 

1.81 

12481 

Aver- 

16.16 

36.27 

37.09 

10.48 

3.14 

1.33 

10363 

14416 

age 

Dry 

43.26 

44.24 

12.50 

3.74 

1.59 

12361 

DISTRICT   NO.   4. — LOGAN    CO.,    COAL   NO. 


CENTRAL    ILLINOIS 


33 


14.20 
Dry 


37.19 
43.35 


37.44 
43.40 


11.37 
13.25 


3.34 

3.89 


1.42 
1.66 


10490       14400 
12226 


DISTRICT  NO.   4.— MACON    CO.,    COAL   NO.    5,    CENTRAL   ILLINOIS 


41 

14.48 
Dry 

36.00 
42.10 

38.05 
44.49 

11.47 
13.41 

3.32 

3.88 

.90 
1.05 

10445 
12214 

14420 

42 

13.83 
Dry 

37.35 
43.34 

39.62 
45.98 

9.20 
10.68 

3.83 
4.45 

.09 
.11 

10877 
12623 

14418 

Aver- 
age 

14.15 
Dry 

36.68 
42.73 

38.83 
45.23 

10.34 
12.04 

3.57 
4.16 

.52 

.60 

10661 
12418 

14419 

DISTRICT  NO.  4.— MENARD  CO.,   COAL  NO.   5,   CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 


;s4 


17.33 

35.88 

38.62 

8.17 

3.44 

.50 

10499 

Dry 

43.40 

46.72 

9.88 

4.16 

.60 

12700 

14478 


DISTRICT  NO.  4. — PEORIA  CO.,  COAL  NO.  5,   CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 


25 

14.92 

36.92 

37.21 

11.02 

3.44 

1.21 

10951 

14614 

Dry 

43.30 

43.74 

12.95 

4.04 

1.42 

12448 

26 

15.00 

36.48 

36.75 

11.77 

3.08 

1.80 

10421 

14614 

Dry 

42.91 

43.24 

13.85 

3.62 

2.12 

12260 

Aver- 

14.96 

36.65 

36.99 

11.40 

3.26 

1.50 

10506 

14614 

age 

Dry 

43.10 

43.49 

13.40 

3.83 

1.77 

12354 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


75 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT   NO.    4.— SANGAMON   CO.,   COAL  NO.    5,    CENTRAL   ILLINOIS 


Co-op. 
No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

' '  Unit 
coal'' 

36 

15.34 
Dry 

36.54 
43.16 

37.83 
44.68 

10.29 
12.16 

3.67 
4.33 

.59 
.70 

10519 
12425 

14450 

37 

13.78 
Dry 

37.82 
43.86 

37.69 
43.71 

10.73 
12.44 

4.11 
4.77 

.47 
.55 

10625 
12323 

14396 

38 

14.26 
Dry 

38.07 
44.40 

37.48 
43.71 

10.19 
11.89 

4.14 
4.83 

.37 
.43 

10649 
12420 

14410 

39 

13.31 
Dry 

37.43 
43.17 

36.66 
42.29 

12.60 
14.54 

4.72 
5.45 

.94 
1.09 

10398 
11995 

14420 

DISTRICT   NO.    4.— TAZEWELL   CO.,    COAL  NO.    5,    CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 


27 


14.38 
Dry 


37.74 
44.08 


38.23 
44.65 


9.66 
11.28 


3.10 
3.62 


1.20 
1.40 


10809 
12624 


14496 


DISTRICT  NO.  5   GALLATIN  CO.,   COAL  NO.   5,    SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS 


47 

5.72 
Dry 

35.77 
37.94 

46.71 
49.54 

11.80 
12.52 

3.47 

3.68 

1.01 
1.07 

12053 
12784 

14919 

Extra 

4.13 
Dry 

34.21 
35.68 

52.80 
55.07 

8.86 
9.25 

3.23 
3.37 

.02 
.03 

12987 
13546 

15175 

Extra 

3.68 
Dry 

37.82 
39.26 

48.18 
50.02 

10.32 
10.72 

4.55 
4.73 

.04 
.05 

12818 
13307 

15078 

Extra 

3.94 
Dry 

38.13 
39.70 

45.95 

47.82 

11.98 
12.48 

3.53 
3.67 

.03 
.04 

12449 
12958^ 

15117 

Extra 

4.03 
Dry 

33.71 
35.13 

51.84 
54.01 

10.42 
10.86 

4.19 
4.37 

.02 
.02 

12783 
13319 

15256 

Aver- 
age 

4.30 
Dry 

35.93 
37.54 

49.08 
51.29 

10.69 
11.17 

3.79 
3.96 

.24 
.25 

12616 
13183 

15109 

EXTRA    SAMPLE    GALLATIN    CO.,    COAL    NO.    5 


3.72 
Dry 

34.44 
35.77 

52.91 
54.96 

8.93 
9.27 

3.76 
3.90 

.03 
.03 

13032 
13535 

15187 


76 


COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 


DISTRICT  NO.   5.      SALINE   CO.,   COAL  NO.   5,    SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS 


Co-op. 
No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

''Unit 
coal" 

43 

6.97 

35.98 

49.69 

7.36 

2.05 

.32 

12550 

14829 

Dry 

38.68 

53.41 

7.92 

2.20 

.34 

13490 

44 

6.70 

35.31 

49.55 

8.44 

2.56 

.02 

12401 

14824 

Dry 

37.85 

53.11 

9.04 

2.74 

.02 

13291 

45 

7.03 

34.78 

50.27 

7.92 

2.48 

.26 

12420 

14806 

Dry 

37.41 

54.07 

8.52 

2.67 

.28 

13359 

46 

7.96 

34.68 

48.54 

8.82 

2.79 

.46 

12077 

14741 

Dry 

37.68 

52.74 

9.58 

3.03 

.50 

13122 

48 

7.67 

33.90 

50.26 

8.17 

2.56 

.70 

12234 

14739 

Dry 

36.72 

54.43 

8.8;^ 

2.77 

.76 

13250 

49 

5.20 

38.06 

45.90 

10.84 

4.60 

.59 

12193 

14824 

Dry 

40.15 

48.42 

11.43 

4.85 

.62 

12862 

Aver- 

6.92 

35.44 

49.06 

8.58 

3.76 

.42 

12314 

14794 

age 

Dry 

38.08 

52.70 

9.22 

4.04 

.42 

13229 

DISTRICT    NO.    6.— FRANKLIN    CO..    COAL    NO.    6.    EAST    OF    DUQUOIN    ANTICLINE 


50 

9.34 

34.84 

48.03 

7.79 

1.04 

.38 

12004 

14633 

Dry 

38.42 

52.99 

8.59 

1.15 

.42 

13241 

51 

10.28 

33.42 

49.05 

7.25 

1.18 

.10 

11890 

14562 

Dry 

37.26 

54.66 

8.08 

1.32 

.11 

13252 

52 

6.77 

38.35 

44.62 

10.26 

3.13 

.91 

11875 

14554 

Dry 

41.14 

47.85 

11.00 

3.36 

.98 

12737 

53 

10.18 

32.78 

48.88 

8.16 

.64 

.61 

11661 

14419 

Dry 

36.50 

54.41 

9.09 

.71 

.Q^ 

12983 

56 

8.10 

36.30 

45.34 

10.26 

2.51 

.74 

11826 

14601 

Dry 

39.50 

49.34 

11.16 

2.73 

.80 

12758 

57 

9.67 

35.69 

49.55 

8.54 

.95 

.32 

11756 

14529 

Dry 

32.24 

54.86 

9.45 

1.05 

.35 

13015 

58 

8.93 

34.51 

48.80 

7.76 

.74 

.36 

11937 

14463 

Dry 

37.89 

53.59 

8.52 

.81 

.40 

13108 

Aver- 

9.04 

34.62 

47.78 

8.56 

1.45 

.44 

11837 

14538 

age 

Dry 

38.06 

52.53 

9.41 

1.59 

.48 

13013 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


77 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 

EXTRA  SAMPLES.— GALLATIN  CO.,   COAL  NO.   6 


Co-op. 
No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

co^ 

B.  t.  u. 

''Unit 
coal" 

10.82 
Dry 

33.83 
37.94 

42.43 
47.57 

12.92 
14.94 

4.93 
5.53 

.42 
.47 

11263 
12629 

15193 

4.28 
Dry 

36.06 
37.67 

49.06 
51.25 

10.60 
11.08 

3.71 

3.88 

.05 
.05 

12583 
13146 

15079 

Aver- 
age 

7.54 
Dry 

34.96 
37.81 

45.68 
49.41 

11.82 

12.78 

4.34 
4.70 

.23 
.25 

11916 

12888 

15136 

DISTRICT  NO. 


-JACKSON   CO.,   COAL  NO.   6,  EAST  01    DUQUOIN   ANTICLINE 


55 


8.96 
Dry 


34.44 
37.83 


46.40 
5097 


10.20 
11.20 


2.65 
2.91 


.40 
.44 


11609 
12751 


14608 


DISTRICT  NO.  6.— PERRY  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6,  EAST  OF  DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


54 


9.92 

32.72 

46.97 

10.39 

.92 

.25 

11335 

Dry 

36.81 

1     52.15 

11.53 

1.02 

.28 

12583 

14407 


DISTRICT  NO.  6.— WILLIAMSON  CO.,   COAL  NO.  6,   EAST  OF   DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


59 

10.47 
Dry 

32.99 

36.85 

47.27 

52.80 

9.27 
10.35 

1.52 

1.70 

.38 
.43 

11630 
12990 

14684 

60 

8.22 
Dry 

34.00 
37.04 

48.79 
53.16 

8.99 
9.80 

2.16 
2.35 

.33 
.36 

11959 
13030 

14660 

61 

9.27 
Dry 

33.83 

37.28 

49.70 

54.78 

7.20 
7.94 

1.37 
1.51 

.13 
.14 

12127 
13366 

14671 

62 

9.13 
Dry 

33.09 
36.42 

49.94 
54.95 

7.84 
8.63 

1.17 
1.29 

.22 
.24 

12028 
13236 

14637 

63 

9.47 
Dry 

33.45 
36.96 

48.13 
53.16 

8.95 
9.88 

1.94 
2.14 

.36 
.40 

11852 
13092 

14730 

64 

9.34 
Dry 

32.77 
36.15 

49.48 
54.58 

8.41 
9.27 

.92 
1.01 

.52 
.57 

11872 
13095 

14577 

65 

9.31 
Dry 

33.52 
36.96 

48.98 
54.01 

8.19 
9.03 

1.70 

1.88 

.13 
.14 

11919 
13143 

14627 

Aver- 
age 

9.31 
Dry 

33.38 
36.81 

48.90 
53.92 

8.41 
9.27 

1.54 
1.70 

.36 
.40 

11913 
13136 

14655 

COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  27, — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts.— Continued. 

DISTRICT  NO.   7. — CLINTON  CO.,   COAL  NO.   6,   WEST  OF  DUQUOIN   ANTICLINE 


Co-op. 

No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulphur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

''Unit 
coaP' 

84 

12.86 
Dry 

37.26 
42.76 

39.53 
45.36 

10.35 
11.88 

4.26 

4.89 

.58 
.66 

10755 
12342 

14335 

85 

12.39 
Dry 

36.88 
42.10 

40.68 
46.43 

10.05 
11.47 

3.52 

4.02 

.72 
.82 

10836 
12368 

14245 

Aver- 
age 

12.62 
Dry 

37.08 
42.43 

40.10 
45.90 

10.20 
11.67 

3.90 
4.46 

.66 
.75 

10796 
12355 

14290 

DISTRICT   NO.    7. — MACOUPIN    CO.,    COAL   NO.    8,    WEST   OF    DUQUOIN    ANTICLINE 


Q6 

14.26 

38.70 

37.07 

9.97 

4.34 

.41 

10549 

14236 

Dry 

45.14 

43.24 

11.62 

5.06 

.48 

12304 

67 

14.19 

37.48 

38.24 

9.99 

3.92 

.33 

10558 

14408 

Dry 

43.68 

44.57 

11.75 

4.57 

.39 

12447 

68 

12.87 

39.24 

38.73 

9.16 

4.56 

.30 

10964 

14365 

Dry 

45.04 

44.45 

10.51 

5.23 

.35 

12583 

69 

14.20 

37.40 

36.95 

11.45 

4.42 

.29 

10438 

14388 

Dry 

43.59 

43.06 

13.35 

5.15 

.34 

12165 

Aver- 

13.88 

38.20 

37.75 

10.17 

4.31 

.34 

10657 

14349 

age 

Dry 

44.36 

43.83 

11.81 

5.00 

.39 

12375 

DISTRICT  NO.  7. — MADISON  CO.,   COAL  NO.  6,  WEST  OF  DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


70 

12.81 

38.67 

37.40 

11.12 

4.80 

.44 

10661 

14365 

Dry 

44.35 

42.91 

12.75 

5.51 

.54 

12227 

71 

12.52 

39.55 

37.51 

10.42 

4.09 

.61 

10871 

14421 

Dry 

45.21 

42.88 

11.91 

4.68 

.70 

12427 

72 

13.82 

37.54 

38.94 

9.70 

4.25 

.25 

10722 

14391 

Dry 

43.56 

45.19 

11.25 

4.93 

.29 

12441 

73 

14.71 

38.61 

38.22 

8.46 

3.76 

.28 

10785 

14305 

Dry 

45.27 

44.81 

9.92 

4.41 

.33 

12645 

Aver- 

13.47 

38.59 

38.03 

9.91 

4.22 

.42 

10760 

14370 

age 

Dry 

44.60 

43,95 

11.45 

4.88 

.49 

12435 

DISTRICT   NO.   7.— MARION   CO.,    COAL  NO.   6,   WEST   OF   DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


86 

11.13 

38.20 

39.39 

11.28 

3.91 

.50 

10964 

14448 

Dry 

42.98 

44.32 

12.70 

4.40 

.56 

12337 

87 

10.46 

36.85 

41.53 

11.16 

4.01 

.42 

11174 

14574 

Dry 

41.15 

46.38 

12.47 

4.48 

.47 

12480 

Aver- 

10.79 

37.53 

40.46 

11.22 

3.96 

.45 

11069 

14511 

age 

Dry 

42.07 

45.35 

12.58 

4.44 

.51 

12408 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


79 


Table  27. — Average  analytical  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  hy  counties 
— Grouped  according  to  districts. — Continued. 


DISTRICT  NO.  7. — MONTGOMERY  CO.,   COAL  NO.  6,  WEST  OF  DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


Co-op. 

No. 


Moisture 


Volatile 
matter 


Fixed 
carbon 


Ash 


Sulphur  j     CO2 


B.  t.  u. 


"Unit 
coal" 


76 

13.89 
Dry 

37.05 
43.04 

38.44 
44.64 

10.62 
12.32 

3.85 
4.47 

.94 
1.10 

10574 
12280 

14312 

77 

14.40 
Dry 

36.70 

42.88 

39.84 
46.54 

9.06 
10.58 

3.83 
4.47 

.49 
.57 

10709 
12511 

14268 

Aver- 
age 

14.15 
Dry 

36.88 
42.96 

39.14 
45.59 

9.83 
11.45 

3.84 
4.47 

.70 
.83 

10642 
12396 

14290 

DISTRICT   NO.    7. — PERRY   CO.,    COAL   NO.    6,   WEST  OF   DUQUOIN   ANTICLINE 


88 

9.61 
Dry 

37.09 
41.03 

41.27 
45.66 

12.03 
13.30 

3.70 
4.10 

.86 
.95 

10982 
12150 

14331 

89 

12.45 
Dry 

36.14 
41.28 

42.77 

48.85 

8.64 
9.87 

2.80 
3.20 

.27 
.31 

11207 
12801 

14431 

90 

10.95 
Dry 

37.00 
41.55 

41.82 
46.96 

10.23 
11.50 

3.61 
4.05 

.56 
.63 

11060 
12420 

14314 

Aver- 
age 

11.00 
Dry 

36.75 
41.29 

41.97 
47.16 

10.28 
11.55 

3.36 

3.78 

.56 
.63 

11087 
12457 

14359 

DISTRICT   NO.   7.— RANDOLPH  CO.,    COAL    NO.    6,    WEST   OF    DUQUOIN   ANTICLINE 


83       I       11.13 
I      Dry 


37.28 
41.95 


40.14 
45.17 


11.45 

12.89 


4.24 
4.77 


.58 
.65 


10855 
12214 


14351 


DISTRICT  NO.  7.— ST.  CLAIR  CO.,  COAL  NO.  6,  WEST  OF  DUQUOIN  ANTICLINE 


78 

11.75 

38.71 

38.12 

11.43 

3.63  , 

.80 

10874 

14466 

Dry 

43. 8() 

43.19 

12.95 

4.11 

.91 

12322 

79 

11.31 

39.77 

38.92 

10.00 

3.94 

.(53 

11143 

14468 

Dry 

44.84 

43.89 

11.27 

4.44 

.71 

1 2564 

80 

10.04 

39.33 

39.09 

11.54 

3.91 

.78 

11045 

14398 

Dry 

43.72 

43.45 

12.S3 

4.35 

.S7 

12278 

81 

11.23 

40.3() 

38.31 

10.10 

4.03 

.54 

11126 

14444 

Dry 

45.47 

43.17 

11.39 

4.54 

.61 

12533 

82 

11.94 

39.72 

37.53 

10.81 

4.46 

.39 

10949 

14510 

Dry 

45.10 

42.62 

12.27 

5.07 

.45 

12434 

Aver- 

11.25 

39.57 

38.39 

10.79 

3.99 

.63 

11028 

14457 

age 

Dry 

44.59 

43.26 

12.15 

4.50 

.71 

12426 

80 


COAL  MINING  INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  27. — Average  analyiieal  and  heat  values  for  separate  mines  and  by  counties 
— Grouped  according  to   districts. — Continued. 

DISTRICT   NO.    7. — SANGAMON    CO.,    COAL,  NO.    6,    WEST    OF   DUQUOIN   ANTICLINE 


Co-op. 

No. 

Moisture 

Volatile 
matter 

Fixed 
carbon 

Ash 

Sulpliur 

CO2 

B.  t.  u. 

' '  Unit 
coal" 

74 

14.25 

38.42 

37.22 

10.11 

4.75 

.39 

10556 

14287 

Dry 

44.80 

43.42 

11.79 

5.54 

.46 

12310 

75 

14.15 

37.58 

38.99 

9.28 

3.76 

.45 

10786 

14369 

Dry 

43.77 

45.42 

10.81 

4.38 

.52 

12564 

Aver- 

14.20 

37.99 

38.11 

9.70 

4.26 

.42 

10671 

14329 

age 

Dry 

44.28 

44.42 

11.30 

4.96 

.49 

12437 

DISTRICT   NO. 


-VERMILION   CO.,   COAL   NO. 


EASTERN  ILLINOIS 


91 

14.44 

35.04 

40.99 

9.53 

2.37 

.66 

10982 

14697 

Dry 

40.95 

47.91 

11.14 

2.77 

.77 

12836 

92 

15.59 

33.47 

40.16 

10.78 

2.33 

.89 

10508 

14536 

Dry 

39.65 

47.58 

12.77 

2.76 

1.06 

12449 

93 

15.19 

34.95 

41.55 

8.31 

2.04 

.65 

10961 

14533 

Dry 

41.21 

48.99 

9.80 

2.41 

.77 

12925 

95 

12.59 

40.16 

38.53 

8.72 

3.49 

.80 

11228 

14532 

Dry 

45.94 

44.08 

9.98 

3.99 

.92 

12845 

Aver- 

14.45 

35.88 

40.33 

9.34 

2.55 

.75 

10920 

14575 

age 

Dry 

41.94 

47.14 

10.92 

2.98 

.88 

12764 

DISTRICT  NO. 


-VERMILION  CO.,  COAL  NO.   7,  EASTERN  ILLINOIS 


94 

12.69 

38.78 

38.89 

9.64 

3.34 

.52 

11221 

14725 

Dry 

44.42 

44.54 

11.04 

3.83 

.59 

12852 

97 

13.18 

37.85 

38.65 

10.32 

2.54 

.60 

11080 

14754 

Dry 

43.59 

44.52 

11.89 

9  92 

.69 

12762 

Aver- 

12.99 

38.28 

38.75 

9.98 

2.93 

.56 

11143 

14740 

age 

Dry 

44.00 

44.53 

11.47 

3.37 

.64 

12807 

DISTRICT   NO. 


-LA   SALLE   CO.,    COAL   NO.   7 


99 


13.56 

40.87 

37.80 

7.77 

3.68 

.17 

11347 

Dry 

47.28 

43.73 

8.99 

4.26 

.20 

13127 

14685 


DISTRICT   NO. 


-McLEAN    CO.,    COAL    NO.    5 


100 

13.32 
Dry 

38.00 
43.84 

36.21 
41.78 

12.47 
14.38 

3.73 
4.30 

1.20 
1.39 

10580 
12206 

14604 

DISTRICI 

r  NO.  9.—^ 

HcLEAN 

CO.,  COAL 

NO.  2 

100 

11.26 
Dry 

42.21 

47.57 

37.73 
42.52 

8.80 
9.91 

3.03 
3.41 

.98 
1.10 

11566 
13034 

14714 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


81 


In  Table  28  calculations  have  been  made  to  illustrate  the  use 
which  can  be  made  of  "unit-coal"  values  in  estimating  the  possible 
guarantees  for  bidding  and  for  letting  of  contracts.  A  range  of 
values  for  ash  and  moisture  has  been  assumed  merely  for  the  purpose 
of  illustration. 


Table  28. — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u.  calculated  to 

the  '^as-received'  ^  basis  having  normal  variations  of  moisture,  ash, 

and  sulphur,  as  indicated. 


Coal  beds  and  general 
location  bv  counties 


B.  t.  u.  with  j  B.  t.  u.  with 

10  per  cent    !  12  per  cent 

moisture      |     moisture 


B.  t.  u.  with 

14  per  cent 

moisture 


U 

tiit  coal- 

-14,300 

iO 

4 

11,211 

10,925 

10,639 

11 

11,056 

10,771 

10,484 

Coal  No.  6  iu  Clinton, 

12 

10,902 

10,(510 

10,330 

Macoupin,     Madison, 

13 

10,747 

10,4(i2 

10,176 

Montgomery,     Perry, 

14 

10,592 

10,308 

10,021 

Randolph       counties. 

15 

10,437 

10  154 

9,867 

and  Sangamon  County 

1(3 

10,282 

10,000 

9,712 

south  of  Auburn. 

17 

10,127 

9,84(j 

9,558 

18 

0,972 

9,092 

9,403 

19 

9,817 

9,538 

9.250 

20 

4 

9,602 

9,384 

9,094 

Unit  coal— 14,400 


Coal  No.  ~j  in  I'ulton, 
Logan,  Macon,  and 
Sangamon    counties. 

Coal  No.  5  in  La  Salle 
County. 

Coal  No,  6  in  Macou})in, 
Madison,  Kandoli)h, 
and  St.  Clair  counties. 


10 

4 

11 

4 

12 

4 

13 

4 

14 

4 

15 

4 

1(5 

4 

17 

4 

18 

4 

19 

4 

20 

4 

11,288 
11,132 
10,977 
10,821 
10,665 
10,509 
10,353 
10,197 
10,041 
9,885 
9,732 


11,000 

10,844 

10,688 

10,532 

10,376 

10,220 

10,064 

9,908 

9,752 

9,596 

9,440 


10,712 

10,556 

10,401 

10,246 

10,091 

9,936 

9,781 

9,626 

9,471 

9,316 

9,161 


Unit  coal— 14.500 


Coal  No.  1  in  Mercer 
County. 

Coal  No.  2  in  Bureau 
Grundy,  and  La  Salle 
counties. 

Coal  No.  5  in  Menard 
and  Tazewell  counties. 

Coal  No.  6  in  Marion 
and  Vermilion  coun- 
ties. 


1(» 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

11,394 
11,238 
11,081 
10,925 
10,7(59 
10,613 
10,456 
10,300 
10,144 
9,987 
9,829 


11,105 

10,94S 

10,792 

10,635 

10,478 

10,322 

10,165 

10,008 

9,852 

9,695 

9,539 


10,815 

10,(558 

10,501 

10,344 

10,187 

10,030 

9,873 

9,716 

9,559 

9,402 

9,249 


82 


COAL  MINING   INVESTIGATIONS 


Table  28. — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from,  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u.  calculated  to 

the  "as-received"  basis  having  normal  variations  of  moisture,  ash, 

and  sulphur,  as  indicated. — Continued. 


Coal  beds  and  general 
location  by  counties 


Ash 


Sulphur 


B.  t.  u.  with 

10  per  cent 

moisture 


B.  t.  u.  with 

12  per  cent 

moisture 


B.  t.  u.  with 

14  per  cent 

moisture 


Unit  coal- 

-14,600 

10 

3 

11,472 

11,180 

10,888 

11 

3 

11,315 

11,023 

10,731 

12 

3 

11,157 

10,865 

10,572 

Coal  No.  5  in  McLean 

13 

3 

10,999 

10,707 

10,415 

and  Peoria  counties. 

14 

3 

10  841 

10,549 

10,258 

Coal  No.  6  in  Jackson 

15 

3 

10,683 

10,392 

10,101 

and  A^ermilion   coun- 

16 

3 

10,526 

10,234 

9,944 

ties. 

17 

3 

10,368 

10,077 

9,786 

18 

3 

10,210 

9,919 

9,628 

19 

3 

10,053 

9,761 

9,471 

20 

3 

9,896 

9,604 

9,312 

Unit  coal— 

-14,600 

10 

11,533 

11,191 

10,949 

11 

11,325 

11,083 

10,791 

Coal  No.  2  in  McLean 

12 

11,217 

10,926 

10,633 

County. 

13 

11,060 

10,768 

10,476 

Coal  No.  6  in  Franklin 

14 

10,903 

10,610 

10,318 

County    east    of   Du- 

15 

10,745 

10,453 

10,161 

quoin      anticline,     in 

16 

10,587 

10,295 

10,003 

Jackson,    Perry,    and 

17 

10,430 

10,138 

9,846 

Williamson  counties. 

18 

10,272 

9,980 

9,668 

19 

10,114 

9,823 

9,531 

20 

9,957 

9,664 

9,372 

Unit  coal— 14,700 


10 

3 

11,550 

11,256 

10,962 

11 

3 

11,391 

11,097 

10,803 

12 

3 

11,232 

10,938 

10,644 

Coal  No.  2  in  Christian 

13 

3 

11,073 

10,779 

10,485 

County. 

14 

3 

10,913 

10,620 

10,326 

Coal  No.  7  in  La  Salle 

15 

3 

10,755 

10,461 

10,167 

and  Vermilion   coun- 

16 

3 

10,596 

10,302 

10,008 

ties. 

17 

3 

10,437 

10,143 

9,849 

18 

3 

10,278 

9,984 

9,690 

19 

3 

10,119 

9,825 

9,531 

20 

3 

9,960 

9,668 

9,374 

Unit  coal— 

-14,800 

10 

3 

11,973 

11,677 

11,331 

Coal  No.   2  in  Jackson 

11 
12 
13 

3 

I 

11,813 
11,654 
11,494 

11,517 
11,358 
11,198 

11,172 
11,012 

10,852 

and    Marshall    coun- 
ties. 
Coal    No.    5    in    Saline 

14 
15 
16 

3 
3 
3 

11,335 
11,175 
11,016 

11,036 
10,877 
10,715 

10,693 
10,533 
10,373 

County. 

17 
18 
19 

20 

3 
3 
3 
3 

10,856 
10,697 
10,537 
10,378 

10,555 
10,395 
10,235 
10,075 

10,214 

10,054 

9,895 

9,733 

ANALYSES  OF  ILLINOIS  COALS 


83 


Table  28, — Unit-coal  values  ranging  from  14,300  to  15,000  B.  t.  u.  calculated  to 

the  "as-received"  basis  having  normal  variations  of  moisture,  ash, 

and  sulphur,  as  indicated. — Concluded. 


Coal  beds  and  general 
location  by  counties 


Ash     ISulphui 


B.  t.  u.  with 

10  per  cent 

moisture 


B.  t.  u.  with 

12  per  cent 

moisture 


B.  t.  u.  with 

14  per  cent 

moisture 


Unit  coal— 14,800 


Coal    No.    5    in    Saline 

County. 


10 

2.5 

11 

2.5 

12 

2.5 

13 

2.5 

14 

2.5 

15 

2.5 

IG 

2.5 

17 

2.5 

18 

2.5 

19 

2.5 

20 

2.5 

11,940 
11,780 
11,620 
11,460 
11,300 
11,140 
10,980 
10,820 
10,660 
10,500 
10,341 


11,644 
11,484 
11,324 
11,164 
11,004 
10,844 
10,684 
10,524 
10,364 
10,204 
10,045 


11,188 
11,028 
10,868 
10,708 
10,548 
10,388 
10,228 
10,068 
9,908 
9,749 


Unit  coal— 14,900 


Coal  No.  5  in  Gallatin 

and  Saline  counties. 

Coal  No.  6  in  Moultrie 

County. 


10 

3.5 

11 

3.5 

12 

3.5 

13 

3.5 

14 

3.5 

15 

3.5 

16 

3.5 

17 

3.5 

18 

3.5 

19 

3  5 

20 

3.5 

12,003 
11,842 
11,683 
11,522 
11,361 
11,200 
11,038 
10,877 
10,716 
10,555 
10,394 


11,705 
11,544 
11,383 
11,222 
11,060 
10,898 
10,739 
10,578 
10,417 
10,256 
10,095 


11,406 
11,246 
11,085 
10,924 
10,764 
10,604 
10,444 
10,284 
10,124 
9,964 
9,798 


Unit  coal— 15,000 


10 

4 

4%  moisture 
12,650 

6%  moisture 

8%  moisture 

12,350 

12,050 

11 

4 

12,458 

12,188 

11,888 

12 

4 

12,326 

12,026 

11,726 

13 

4 

12,164 

11,864 

11,564 

Coals  No.  5  and  No.  6 

14 

4 

12,002 

11,702 

11.402 

in   Gallatin  County. 

15 

4 

11,840 

11,540 

11,240 

16 

4 

11,678 

11,378 

11,078 

17 

4 

11,516 

11,216 

10,918 

18 

4 

1 1 ,354 

11,0.54 

10,756 

19 

4 

11,192 

10,892 

10,594 

20 

4 

11,030 

10,730 

10,4.30 

INDEX 


A  PAGE  F  PAGE 

Analyses  of  Illinois  coals 48-83       Franklin    County,    analyses    of    coal 

Ash,  determination  of 36-37  No.  6  in 53,  64-65,  76,  82 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 20 

moisture  in  coal  of 4Ji 

Bureau     County,     analyses     of     coal  sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

^^0-  2  in 57-58,  72,  81  top  bench  of  coal  in 51 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 29        Fulton     County,     analyses     of     coal 


Bureau  of  Mines,  chemical  determi- 
nations by 42-43 

sampling  method  of 11-17 


Xo.  5   in    53,  60,  74,  S I 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 28,  2!> 


Calcium  carbonate,  discussion  of 

17,  20,  27-36 

Calcium  sulphate,  discussion  of. ...27-41 

Calorific  values  for  unit  coal  52-54,  81-83 

Carbon  dioxide,  discussion  of..  17,  27-36 

Christian  County,   analyses  of  coals 

in 57,  58,  73,  82 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

Clinton  County,  analyses  of  coal  No. 

6  in 64,  78,81 

top  bench  of  coal  in 51 

Coal  No.  1,  analyses  of 57,  73,  81 

carbon  dioxide  in 20 

Coal  No.  2,  analyses  of 

57-60,  72,  73,  80-82 

carbon  dioxide   in 20 

moisture  in 40 

(-oal  No.  5,  analyses  of 

()0-64,  74-76,  81-83 

carbon  dioxide  in 20 

('oal  No.  6,  analyses  of 

64-71,  78-80,  81-83 

carbon  dioxide  in ....    20 

Coal  No.  7,  analyses  of 71,  80,  82 

carbon  dioxide  in 29 


(iaUatin  County,  analyses  of  coals  in 

(il,  (55,  75,  77,  81 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 28 

moisture  in  coal  of 40 

(inindy     ('ounly,      analys(>s     of     coal 

No.   li   in    5S,   72,  81 

sulphate  in  coal  of .38 


ill>lii(l( 


)is  caused   bv 


20 


.Fackson  C(uinty,  analyses  of  coals  in 

53,  5S-50,  65,  73,  77,  82 

moistuie  in  coal  of 40 

top  bench  of  coal  in 51 


La  Salle  Ccuiiity,  analyses  of  coals  in 

50,  (51,  71,  72 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

unit-coal  values  of  coal  in 

r)3,  81,  82 

L()L;au     County,     analyses     of     c()al 
No.  5  ill    ()I,  71 


M 


Districts,  analyses  of  coals  by 72-80        Macon  County,  analyses  of  coal 

division  of  State  into 55  No.  5  in 53,  61-62,  74,  81 


(  85 


86 


INDEX 


Macoupin    County,    analyses    of    coal 
No.  6  in 53,66,  78,  81 

Madison    County,    analyses    of    coal 
No.  6  in 53,  66-67,  78,  81 

Magnesium  carbonate,  occurrence  of  30 

Marion     County,     analyses     of     coal 
No.  6  in   53,  67,  78,  81 

Marshall    County,    analyses    of    coal 
No.  2  in 53,  59,  73,  82 

McDonougli  County,  analyses  of  coal 
No.  2  in 59 

Mcl^ean    County,    analyses    of    coals 

in 59-60,  62,  82 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

Menard     County,     analyses     of     coal 
No.  5  in   53,  62,  74,  81 

Mercer      County,      analyses      of    coal 

No.  1  in   53,  57,  73,  81 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 29 

moisture  in  coal  of 4£T 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

Moisture,  determinations  of 42-49 

Montgomery     County,     analyses     of 
coal  No.  6  in 53,  67,  79,  81 

Moultrie    County,    analyses    of    coal 
No.  6  in 67,  83 


Peoria  County,  analyses  of  coal  No.  5 

in 53,  62,  74,  82 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 28 

Perry  County,  analyses  of  coal  No.  6 

in 53,  67-68,  77,  79,  81,  82 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

top  bench  of  coal  in 51 


Randolph    County,   analyses   of    coal 

No.  6  in 68,  79 

Reisenfeld,  acknowledgments  to,...    31 
Riffle,  errors  due  to 24 


PAGE 

Rock  Island  County,  sulphate  in  coal 

of   38 

unit-coal  values  of  coal  in 53 

S 

Saline      County,      analyses      of      coal 

No.  5  in 53,  62-63,  76,  83 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 28 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

Sampling,  methods  of 11-26 

Sangamon    County,    analyses    of    coal 

No.  5  in 53,  63-64,  75,  81 

analyses  of  coal  No.  6  in 68,  80 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

St.    Clair    County,    analyses    of    coal 

No.  6  in 53,  68-69,  79 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

Sulphur  trioxide,  determination  of..    36 


TazcAvell    County,    analyses    of    coal 
No.  5  in 64,  75,81 


Unit  coal,  calorific  values  for. 


52-54,  81-83 


Vermilion  County,  analyses  of  coals 

in 53,  69,  70,  71,  80-83 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

W 

Williamson  County,  analyses  of  coal 

No.  6  in 53,  70-71,  77,  82 

carbon  dioxide  in  coal  of 28 

moisture  in  coal  of 49 

sulphate  in  coal  of 38 

top  bench  of  coal  in 53 


